F. Placement rate at 100% (getting residency slots outside of the main match) Attrition rate at 3%. Three more are planned for 2025 and eight more are in planning in the more distant future Jan 6, 2022 · The decision to attend a Caribbean medical school is one Dr. or Canada. Apply Now. I know of one who did this, he transferred back to the beginning of 2nd year at a U. Ross Medical School offers three different start sessions each year—in September, January, and May. graduates Apr 4, 2024 · A lot of people flock to Caribbean medical schools after struggling to get accepted into the more competitive American programs. S. Medical education in the Caribbean often offers a diverse and dynamic 9,825 3 minutes read. The reality of the current day residency match is that . Now, this is very common in the U. Go to medicine. St. states, Canada, and Puerto Rico. I've heard that 50% stat but maybe it's higher for just Caribbean schools. • 4 yr. But that doesn't apply much anymore. This contrasts markedly with the admit rates at the most selective medical schools. I know of at least one good Caribbean medical school. That means more than half of aspiring doctors fail to Feb 27, 2024 · 7 common questions about attending Caribbean medical school. It pretty much comes down to the same reasons why people attend DO schools. By excelling in the USMLE, navigating the ECFMG certification Jun 8, 2018 · The qualification process is complex, but here I’ll take you step by step in the process in which foreign medical schools must go through to become accredited or fully qualified for its graduates to practice without limits in the US: 1. International Exposure. Putting students first is a big part of what makes St. Sep 9, 2021 · University of Medicine and Health Sciences (Basseterre, Saint Kitts) UMHS’s medical degree is a 10-semester MD program that takes students from the beaches of Saint Kitts to the suburbs of Portland, Maine, to various clinical clerkships across the U. We all hear about how bad the caribbean is, and why we should not go there and aim for DO if MD is out of reach. A history of graduate success. You are directly competing with your classmates because residency spots are limited. schools typically have a lot more flexibility with when you’re taking it, the scores, and helping you through this process. US quality standards applied to the curriculum, student outcomes, etc. NUMBER ONE: A GOOD EDUCATION. 3%. Mar 9, 2019 · So if you are a US citizen and went to a Caribbean medical school then you are considered a US IMG. I want to improve people’s lives. There are several ways SGU students can make tuition more affordable. We've provided answers as they relate to AUC below Jul 27, 2019 · For DO medical schools, the good news is that you don’t have to be as strong academically to get in. The reason why Caribbean med schools are so welcoming to aspiring doctors who have failed to get into a US based school is because they judge their candidates very differently. , Canada, and Puerto Rico. The price for non-mandatory preschooling in the Caribbean ranges from $4,000 to $5,000 per school year in a reputable preschool. Also, there are no four year programs that are covered by us loans outside of Australia and Ireland, and those places are exorbitant in cost. Increase Vitamin D intake. Read on to learn more about the dynamic opportunities available to medical students at SGU. The Match is a binding agreement. There is a limited number of Caribbean schools (< 10) which are considered to meet U. George’s University,” she says. school from the beginning of 4th year (i. Nov 19, 2015 · The answer to this question is a huge testament to the quality of education provided by a medical school. Not all overseas medical schools require high MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test) scores -- or any MCAT scores at all. schools generally require MCAT scores of at least 31 and science GPA's above 3. George’s Medical School in Grenada, West Indies, is 41%. AUSOMA makes it easy for students to avoid significant student loan debt while getting a thorough and diverse education. Next Enrollment Deadline: August 16, 2024. “I don’t think I’d be where I am today if I hadn’t gone to St. But I see SOOOO MANY people that I have met over the years going to SGU, ROSS, AUA, etc. The majority, if not all, of Caribbean medical schools, will “force” you to take a pretest a USMLE Step 1 pretest. While the cost of attending medical school can seem intimidating, it’s one of the most important investments a future doctor can make. We follow the U. George’s University (SGU) School of Medicine come from across the globe, and that diverse, multicultural community is part of why alumni speak so highly of their time Common answers our Cracking Med School Admissions team hears for “Why Medicine” and “Why do you want to be a doctor” that we strongly advise you to not write: I want to help people. And I am the person I am today because of my time on St. 2As the medical school graduating the largest number of students per year, SGU places the largest number of graduates into residency programs each year, based on internal SGU graduate/expected graduate May 28, 2018 · There are several medical schools located in the Caribbean, but not all should be considered for a U. A good place to begin your review is to look at residency placement rates and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores. On the other hand, the average MCAT and GPA for admission in Caribbean medical schools are way lower. Improve mood. are able to finish. 3. Online Application for Medical School - Your admissions process with our user-friendly platform designed for aspiring medical students. 60 , any missed opportunities in undergraduate studies do not mean a student has to wake up from Aug 15, 2022 · Some students may even find beginning in January or April is a better fit. However, there are also some schools that can deliver a great medical school education. Residency matching rates after 8 years at 97%. The 10-semester program is taught in English and takes you through Step 1 and Step 2 of USMLE, to your graduation with your Jun 6, 2018 · After she graduated, she came across an online listing for an I. Dr. 9 million and the population of Canada is approximately 39. Those programs have a whole slew of problems, somewhat comparable to the Caribbean. For reference, I go to a DO school. e. “These for-profit Caribbean medical schools need I really cringe at the people who go so far as to make social media showing they went to the Caribbean. And even then, you’ll likely still be limited in your residency options. George’s University is a private med school and international University in Grenada, West Indies, established in 1976. 5 and 503, respectively, compared to 3. Going to medical school in the Caribbean can be a good option as long as you do your research and make an educated choice. Help people sleep better. g. While this is brutal, this leads to some of the most battle hardened students I have ever met. 930+ US residencies in 20241. The reason students go to medical school is to get a good education that prepares them for medical residency and licensure and a career as a physician. Oct 4, 2022 · This highly respected Grenada medical school might surprise you in more ways than one. This can lead to stronger relationships with peers and faculty, as well as a more supportive learning environment. As of 2024, the population of California is estimated to be about 38. To meet this goal, AUC mandates that all students gain clinical exposure early in their tenure. Feb 13, 2024 · New Medical Schools. Feb 13, 2017 · That is why Caribbean medical schools offer an alternative. I think my current program is awful and I can only expect how much more lost I would have been at a Caribbean school. sarcasticpremed. Your time off might be spent with a new set of peers as you indulge in water sports, hiking, cultural tours, and local nightlife. Students only go to Caribbean medical schools if they aren’t good enough for U. Plenty of horror stories like that, more than should be considered acceptable. 2 2. May 22, 2024 · The Cost of Education in the Caribbean. if you have a decent GPA in Oct 21, 2023 · This shift in preference raises questions about the advantages of studying medicine across the border. Nov 9, 2018 · Due to the extremely competitive nature of medical school admissions in the United States, many applicants opt to obtain their medical education in the Caribbean. The number of spots available at U. Keep in mind your competitiveness as a candidate and the competitiveness of your chosen specialty. they sometimes have bridge programs to their affiliated medical schools where you have a significantly higher chance of getting a medical school interview. 5 ways this Grenada medical school is making waves. Apr 11, 2024 · Keep in mind that while you have to be pragmatic, and somewhat strategic, do not put any of the programs you hated on your list. Back in the day, some specialties weren't available to DO so they had to go Caribbean if they couldn't make it into an MD schools. Feb 11, 2021 · Ross University School of Medicine acceptance rate. 9. Be wary of schools that don’t publicize their pass rate and only consider those with a 95% pass rate or higher. American University of Antigua (AUA) Located in the eastern Caribbean, the American University of Antigua is yet another great option for medical school in the Caribbean. Accredited by CAAM-HP since 2015, the primary accrediting authority for Caribbean medical schools, enables Trinity graduates to participate in the residency match processes in the United States and Canada, as well as apply for residencies and licensure in both countries. It fact it increases the perception that the reason for the choice was on the above-mentioned list! Just about everyone from a Caribbean school has one or more of these problems and PDs Nov 22, 2020 · And it should be, because Caribbean medical students have unique challenges. In 2020, a high percentage of Caribbean medical schools matched with an internal or family medicine residency program in the U. Jan 14, 2021 · 7 Things the best medical schools in the Caribbean have in common 1. Here are five rules that are critical in residency match success: 1. Strobel would happily make again. standards, as determined by the United States Department of Education. "We believe o ur moral obligation is to leave graduates with as little debt as possible while generating enough revenue to maintain the institution's financial health for future May 20, 2024 · Caribbean Medical School – No MCAT Required for Admissions. Many reasons. May 19, 2023 · Furthermore, Caribbean medical schools often have smaller class sizes, allowing for more personalized attention from professors and a closer-knit community among students. S and Canada. Hope that helps, sorry for all the downvotes As the only family/privately owned Medical School in the Caribbean, we do not answer to stockholders or large corporate investors like other offshore medical schools. medical schools, About 40% of people get accepted. Residency matching rates after 5 years at 94%. It's certainly possible, and I've seen people do it, but it's very difficult and competitive. In the perspective of a future doctor, Caribbean schools are essentially another option. that being said if you have like a 495 mcat u should just retake that. The cost is one of the most significant advantages of attending Aug 19, 2019 · Obtaining medical education from an accredited medical school in the Caribbean can help you fulfill your dream of pursuing an MD program and choose a rewarding career in the medical field. ) Jun 14, 2024 · SGU School of Medicine: Start Your Path to Residency. That makes them one of the best Caribbean medical schools out there! 3. Of the more than 53,000 students who applied to traditional medical schools in 2019, only around 40 percent of them were accepted. org. AUSOMA is important in Caribbean schools. At the event, there were a number of E. The only ones the US will do loans for that are cheaper than Carib schools are Poland and Czechia. First and foremost, the prospective school must obtain a charter from the government of a special master's program. r/medicine is a virtual lounge for physicians and other medical professionals from around the world to talk about the latest advances, controversies, ask questions of each other, have a laugh, or share a difficult moment. Our top accredited Caribbean Medical School MD Program covers the Basic and Clinical Sciences. Every physician’s journey toward earning their white coat looks a bit different. Caribbean medical school administrators say their intentions are straightforward: They aim to expand opportunities for students to go to medical school, especially those from racially, socioeconomically and geographically diverse backgrounds, to include people who might not have traditionally pursued careers in medicine. In short, most people who start medical school in the U. ago. Caribbean medical schools, on the other Jan 14, 2021 · Depending on which school you choose, the tuition varies from $3,000 per term up to $31,000 per term. Aug 27, 2021 · The number of applicants jumped nearly 60% between 2002 and 2020. Not sure about US-modeled foreign medical schools, but at least in my home country (Hong Kong), physicians are Bachelor degrees, (EDIT: and from what I have heard back home, have an easier time registering/licensing in Commonwealth countries that also follow a British medical system, so they will likely stay in the British-type system more so. Why Do People Fail Out of Medical School? People fail medical school for a variety of reasons, including: 1. When medical students get stressed out, they need a mental break. Residency attainment rate: 95%. They make good medical leaders who are smart and caring in the changing healthcare world. Yes, your exam score matters. Caribbean Medical Schools (2022) Medicine is a worthy and esteemed occupation and one many students seek to pursue. However, MCAT scores are required for matriculation. C. 5x as hard as a US medical student. L. 4. 5 miles (6 km) wide; its long thin shape gave the island its name (French: anguille, “eel May 15, 2024 · 6. To increase their chances, many students opt to apply to Caribbean schools as somewhat of a “safety” school. This exposure increases every semester and ultimately The transition from Caribbean Medical School to U. George’s University stand out. At the American University of Antigua, MCAT scores are not required for admission. George’s University, an accredited Caribbean Medical School, has evolved into a center of international medical education, drawing med school and MD program students, alumni and faculty from over 150 countries to the island of Grenada. Cost. Justin Roberts thinks like an athlete. You can study for classes while basking in the sunlight. 1. Graduates of accredited Caribbean medical schools—such as the Ross University School of Medicine (RUSM)*—have Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees that enable graduates to practice in all 50 states—and that is what matters. Step away from the the social media, step away from the ego, and look at yourself flaws and allIn the sense of your capabilities, limitations, etc. Its main basic science campus is located in Sint Maarten, and administrative offices are located in Miramar, Florida, in the United States. Overall acceptance is about 20% compared to the USMD’s 40%. Trinity School of Medicine is a fully accredited Caribbean medical school that trains and produces skilled physicians. May 21, 2016 · Bad grades and scores are the least of the deficits from a PD's standpoint. Unlike most med schools in Canada and the US, few Caribbean schools require Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores for admission. Ross is much, much higher because their entering classes are so big. It appears that 12 new allopathic schools have opened between 2018 and 2024. 3. Aug 15, 2022 · Myth #4: Caribbean medicals schools will take your money and abandon you. The Ross University School of Medicine acceptance rate is 42. The tuition for international and private Caribbean schools for children aged 5 to 17 ranges from $3,000 to $8,000 per school year. #42. Granted, you can go to a Caribbean Med school, work really hard, and have an outstanding career as a doctor, the odds are just heavily stacked against you. But yeah, I wouldn’t do a Caribbean program specially with step 1 being P/F. Saba University School of Medicine is a relatively new school that was first established in 1992. Beginning in 2024, IMGs must graduate from a medical school approved by the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) in order to receive People make it sound bad but everyone I know who went to a caribbean med school got into residency just fine, so maybe it's not as big of a deal as people say it is. See full list on medicalschoolhq. Students at the St. What is with Caribbean schools being looked down upon? : r/medicine. The Pre-Med program is completed Online Admissions Assessment. Based on the fact that U. To provide context, the admit rate at St. Feb 17, 2017 · Three Caribbean medical schools — Ross, AUC and St. George’s University School of Medicine. Fortunately, Caribbean medical schools that fail to meet this standard will be either improving or closing en masse starting next As you think about attending a Caribbean medical school, you have many things to consider. 8 million. Additionally, many Caribbean medical schools offer clinical Mar 10, 2017 · Basically, kid busts his butt to get into med school, goes Carib, takes on 200k+ in debt, and 15 years later is working in some other health field making 30k/year and still in 200k of debt because he can't even pay off the interest. The medical education you will receive in the Caribbean varies tremendously, and the success you will have after graduation depends on many factors. as if its nothing. sjsm. I want to practice culturally-competent care. Higher Chances of getting accepted. M. The Largest Provider Of Doctors Into First-Year US Residencies For The Last Ten Years 2. At the same time, strategizing early in your medical school career can significantly impact your ultimate success. They won't even see undergrad GPAs or MCAT scores except in certain sub-specialties, so I don't know how they would even know. The American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine (AUC) is a private for-profit medical school. AUC graduates are eligible to seek licensure in all 50 U. At my school, about 11% of those who start do not complete the program. Students at CMU are prepared to graduate as international/foreign medical doctors, with a Medical Doctor (MD) degree, and practice medicine particularly in the United States (U. I know someone who got an MBBS in India and struggled to match into anything. AUC is owned by Adtalem Global Education. This is typically why most students with subpar MCAT and GPAs view Caribbean schools and an option Mentorship and career guidance is lacking. Of newly accepted students, 48% are male and 52% are female. May 19, 2021 · AUC has a strong history of placing their Caribbean medical school graduates in internal medicine or other specialty residencies. US residencies in 2024 1. The following are the match rates for each type of applicant: US allopathic graduates (MD’s): 94. 2. event in San Jose, while researching alternatives to medical school. In fact many students who go to Caribbean med schools do not get a residency spot in the US. Jan 4, 2024 · According to USMLE performance data, the school also had a UMSLE Step 1 pass rate of 96 percent in 2018. Caribbean school of medicine graduates who demonstrate exceptional academic performance, clinical skills, and professionalism, match into highly-sought after residency programs in the US. George’s — took in $450 million federal funding via student loans in 2012, Durbin said. Life on the island wasn’t easy, but I had a goal, and my focus on that goal was all I needed to sustain me through the ups and downs. Historically, Caribbean schools were seen as a last resort — a final chance to open the door into medicine. You should note that this dropout rate differs quite a lot for different medical schools. There are undoubtedly some Caribbean medical schools with lower-quality curricula. Jun 16, 2021 · Here are five reasons why going to med school in the Caribbean—particularly AUC—may be the best option for good students determined to practice medicine. A degree costs about $88,000, which breaks down to only $22,000 yearly. The mission of American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine (AUC) is to train tomorrow’s physicians, whose service to their communities and their patients is enhanced by international learning experiences, a diverse learning community, and an emphasis on social accountability and engagement. The largest schools will take in over 750 students annually and have limited individual access to faculty. 7%. A strong academic showing in a Caribbean medical school does not erase this stigma. Its aim is to deliver high-quality med education, but it Saint James School of Medicine Anguilla anguilla. I want to make a connection with people. , he essentially lost two years of his life and went from the clinic seeing patients after having passed Step 1 back to the classroom). net Aug 1, 2018 · The first is the school’s ability or interest in meeting standards above and beyond the minimum required of them to maintain operation, e. Trinity School of Medicine accepts a maximum of 200 students annually and has an 8:1 student-to-faculty ratio. Accredited Medical School. It should be remembered, however, that MD 's must first complete a medical residency and attain licensure before they can Now it's no guarantee that graduating a Caribbean Med school will get you a residency and therefore a job. Saba University School of Medicine. Starting at 5,950 USD, we offer the lowest tuition amongst all accredited medical schools. In fact, if you attend a Caribbean or international school, you will have to score much higher on the USMLEs to make up for the fact that you went to a Caribbean school. as well, but the U. O. Depending on the medical specialty, a residency may last from three to seven years. Get instant feedback on your potential American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine candidacy. Going to a Caribbean school is much more academically, socially, logistically, and emotionally challenging than going to a US MD or DO school. /Canadian MD programs (74%). Like, BE HONEST WITH YOURSELF. Sep 14, 2020 · Studies have shown that being at the beach regularly can: Increase creativity. You should be prepared to work at least 1. Feb 27, 2024 · The “Big 4” Caribbean medical schools. Oct 24, 2020 · 1. 13. The larger and more successful Caribbean schools that self report “match” data can be misleading. In 2020, 92 percent of AUC graduates earned residencies throughout the United States and Canada. If you attend a US medical school, passing the USMLE Steps 1 and 2 is usually not a problem. Mar 24, 2023 · A few examples of the reasons why enrolling in a Caribbean medical school would be the best choice for you are as follows: 1. I believe now if you can't get a certain specialty as a DO, it's unlikely a Caribbean school will get you into that specialty either. To prove to med schools that you can handle the rigors of medical school, usually for people with sub 3. For questions, please call the Department of Admissions at 646-790-4218 or send us an email. Nov 20, 2004 · Reaction score. Average MCAT: 497. #2. Be sure to ask the questions below when speaking with representatives from international or Caribbean medical schools. Below are some topics that you may want to factor in to your educational decisions. When they attend school in the Caribbean, these breaks can happen in serene areas that are proven to help. Saba consistently has the highest USMLE first-time pass rate of any Caribbean medical school. Kitts. The medical school admissions process is a difficult one to navigate, and many applicants come out looking at second, third, or fourth options. Between 2002 and 2020, the number of students who enrolled Feb 22, 2017 · The most obvious benefit of enrolling at AUC is the fact that a medical candidate will be able to continue his pursuit of a medical degree. Alumni are the leading indicators of the quality of a Caribbean medical school. Oct 10, 2023 · Anguilla, where our Medical Sciences campus is located, It is 16 miles (26 km) long and a maximum of 3. 930+. There are a handful of things all future students should consider when preparing for medical school, such as the importance of maintaining a well-planned schedule and the benefit of preparing early for your licensing exams. As a general rule, International Medical Graduates (IMGs) (both US citizens and non-citizens) have an approximately 48% match rate. 7 and 511 for MD schools. Feb 4, 2020 · Myth 2: Caribbean medical schools aren’t as good as American or Canadian schools. The match rate is in the mid 80’s, compared to mid 90’s for allopathic schools. It fosters kindness and understanding. Once you match, you cannot go back. 77% first time USMLE Step 1 pass rate, Saint James is one of the few medical schools in the Caribbean to offer a top quality MD program at an affordable price. medical school curriculum. The average MCAT and GPA cutline for medical schools in the United States are 31 and 36, respectively. I am not trying to insult or undermine anyone. Dec 12, 2004. Imposter Explore this section to find out what you’ll need to apply to AUA, secure an interview, and meet AUA’s admissions requirements. One of the most significant advantages for Canadian students considering Caribbean medical schools is the opportunity for international exposure. As a result, it’s also highly competitive. I want to help the underserved. No. A. May 3, 2024 · We offer you an accredited, affordable, hands-on medical school education, to prepare you for a long, rewarding medical career. schools. In 2018 there were 37,103 active applicants and 30,232 first year and 2,935 second year residency positions. The reason is that these schools have varying accreditation status. It builds resilience. applicant. The first four semesters are taught on campus in Saint Kitts Caribbean grads have to have excellent stats in medical school for consideration for residencies in the US, so having those would not be considered red flags. residency programs is a complex and challenging process, but with the right guidance, resources, and preparation, Caribbean Medical School graduates can successfully navigate this journey and secure their ideal residency position. I can’t vouch for the others. 1Data as of March 2024. At U. Combine that with a very tough curriculum, and you get people struggling and failure. Like alot of you pre-meds, I have alot of friends from school and outside of school who are pursuing medicine. Accredited Caribbean medical schools offer financial aid packages to help defray the cost, and a student can use federal loans towards tuition as long as the school is approved by the NCFMEA. Finding an unexpected passion. But when you’re preparing to attend a Caribbean medical Saba’s 98% first-time pass rate in 2022 exceeds the average for U. May 15, 2019 · 1. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) reports the average cost of attending public institutions for the 2021-2022 school year was $38,947 for in-state students and $62,505 for Yet, there are arguably more reasons why American students venture off to medical school abroad. I am the vet I am today because of my time at Ross. Award. and Canadian MD programs (93%), compares very favorably to U. The NMRP publishes a large report specifically analyzing match outcomes for IMGs in enormous detail. Unfortunately, Carib schools do take less qualified applicants than American school clearly. With a high 96. Feb 11, 2022 · Why I Chose to Go to Medical School Abroad: 3 Doctors Share Their Stories. r/medicine. GOVERNMENT CHARTER. Feb 5, 2017 · Balance – When you apply to a Caribbean medical school, you are giving yourself an opportunity to balance your education with some recreation. At SGU, they said they start with a class size of 800, and they are down to 400 by the time rotations start. Certain IMG/Caribbean schools do guarantee those clinical rotations and have an extensive amount of third year rotations in decent areas. and Canadian DO programs (89%), and significantly outclasses the average for other non-U. ), but not limited to as we have students also in CA, UK, and more. medical schools hasn't kept pace. 98 percent of all students are citizens of the U. [1] The executive dean of AUC manages the medical school Dec 11, 2020 · The medical school dropout rate in the Caribbean is around 15% because, as experienced by the international students in the country, studying is manageable in the country and the educational load is not much compared to other countries. Statistically speaking, only about a half of all medical school applicants get accepted into a US medical school every year. Average GPA: 3. While a prospective student is judged majorly on his grades and MCAT score in a US med school, Caribbean medical institutes take a more holistic approach to his assessment. There is no guarantee of anything in life (unless you are accepted into a US medical school then you are guaranteed 99% chance of graduation and a fast-track to a residency). It’s this inconsistency that should make you very cautious. If truth be told, Caribbean medical schools offer quality medical education prospective students need to complete clinical rotations, get a perfect residency Jul 6, 2009 · Medical School in the Caribbean. Medical school is an undeniably large investment, regardless of the institution. Oct 28, 2019 · Struggle makes us stronger. AUA is accredited by the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions (CAAM-HP). That said, a school that claims to have a 100% pass rate might be manipulating the data to claim the highest percentage. Caribbean medical schools vary widely in the size of incoming classes and in student-to-faculty ratios. It is an accredited Caribbean Medical School and is considered one of the world’s largest, introducing more than 18,000 graduates to the global healthcare system. Moreover, Saint James It's very hard to do residency in the US after completing your degree. Attrition rate: Around 16%. 0 GPAs. AUC’s curriculum is designed to help you become an adaptive expert, one who has a mastery of medical concepts and the capacity to use this knowledge to guide diagnosis and treatment of patients. Location: Grenada. There’s some crazy number like only 13% of Cali applicants who receive an acceptance end up matriculating in California. The US Department of Education has determined that AUC is an eligible institution for participation in Title IV federal financial assistance programs. Some people suggest that it's easier to gain admission at an offshore medical school than those in the United States. According to the most recent data, the average GPA and MCAT of DO medical school matriculants is 3. These students may find themselves overwhelmed and without support at under-resourced universities. 1,001. vw wy zn va sk ov tz pt ub gq