Ansi b92 1 spline calculator metric. 1-1970, R1993 Involute splines in accordance with ANSI B92.

[A] Approved for public release. (No enabled versions). The ANSI B92. For example, spline geometry is well covered in other standards and rather than repeating those standards, this document makes reference to each Nov 27, 2023 · In addition to the calculation of splines according to DIN 5480, connections according to ISO 4156, ANSI B92. Nov 27, 2023 · In the metric system (DIN 5480), this value is the module, which is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth. ASA B5. 5/5 thru 48/96 Pitch D cos 1. ISO 4156-2005 “Standard, Straight Cylindrical Involute Splines — Metric Module, Side Fit,” published by International Organization for Standardization, 2005. Calculating Inverse of Involute Angle in Microsoft Excel ANSI B92. This standard provides data and guidance for the design, manufacture, and inspection of straight, non-helical, cylindrical involute splines. Mar 15, 2011 · I need to specify an internal spline correctly I am using ansi B92. 1/96. Oct 11, 2019 · Several splines were evaluated: three pitch diameters and two length/diameter ratios. SERRATED SHAFT ENDS. Document Number. 2M tolerancing system is based on the ISO 4156 system. (2020). I am especially looking for a model for making a spline hub. is 30°. 14 ASAE S431. 2Ma-1984 : reaffirmed January 26, 1989 Author: American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( Other ) Print Book , English , 1996 J498B Involute Splines Serrations And Inspection SAE SPLINES SHARIF IR JUNE 22ND, 2018 - ANSI B92 2 1980 METRIC MODULE INVOLUTE SPLINES Jun 2th, 2024Sae Involute Spline Standards - Oxywww. 1-1970, R1993 Involute splines in accordance with ANSI B92. Heat treatment WN4 calculates dimensions, tolerances, dimension over pins, stress and life expectation for Involute Splines according to ANSI B92. 8 1. to allow for root clearance. 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-001 U. The output of the displacement transducer may be displayed on an oscilloscope, recorded on a strip chart or made to trigger indicator lights. It establishes a specification based on the metric module Find the most up-to-date version of ANSIB92. It discusses the origins of ISO 4156, which was created through international collaboration to establish a universal metric module-based standard. com Metric Involute Splines and Inspection Standard. Fit 3/6 thru 16/32 Pitch D cos Fillet Root Side Fit 2. In yellow the diameters of the limits circles of involute profile. View Superseded by. Jun 11, 2007 · There are three common metric standards; DIN 5480, DIN 5482 and ANSI B92. Society of Automotive Engineering standard parallel side splines SAE J 499-2014; The American standard for involute and straight-sided spline profile ANSI B92. Surface hardness is specified as HRC 50 for both Welcome to the productpage of this Spline hub, one of many. 1 - 1996. A table of the variables and the formula that calculates its value is included. Root Type. Metric involute splines listed are to DEUTSCHE NORMEN DIN 5480, DIN 5482 or DIN 5462. Sep 13, 1988 · This standard provides data and guidance for the design, manufacture, and inspection of straight, non-helical, cylindrical involute splines. 1), plus variants such as modifications to helix, lead crown, form diameters, root geometry, tooth thickness, and fits and straight sided splines with parallel teeth in the external spline Included in Packages. This document provides specifications for an involute spline connection according to the ANSI B92. In this calculation, a splined connection with a length L, height H and width b at a shaft with a diameter D is considered. Jun 30, 2011 · ACTUAL CIRCULAR TOOTH THICKNESS 0. They have a drawing for the coupling, with female splines designated ANSI B92. 13 Minor Diameter-- The diameter of the innermost surface of the spline. Full text. Phone: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (412) 776-5760 In addition to standard differences (ANSI B92. Revision Level. Imperial involute splines are to ANSI B92. SAE. It includes dimensional details for both an external spline on a shaft and an internal spline on a hub, such as major and minor diameters, tooth thicknesses, material properties, and other key parameters defined by the standard. ANSI Spec Gear Mill Inserts. The only pressure angle referred to. This includes the dimensions. Equation for Sevolute. 0734 FORM DIAMETER 1. of mating shaft may be smaller than shown as nominal spline O. Showing all 226 results Spline, Gear Pitch. WN4 calculates dimensions, tolerances, dimension over pins, stress and life expectation for Involute Splines according to ANSI B92. The term “involute serration, ” formerly applied to involute splines with 45-degre e pressure Spline cutting to SAE, ANSI and DIN metric standards. . 1980 R89 EDITION. 2000-11-06. 4 0. Splines: Aug 20, 2020 · involute splines of 37. 0313 REF MAJOR DIAMETER 1. 001 in for shafts 3⁄4 to 13⁄4 in, inclusive; of -0. A full tip radius also helps in reducing the stress concentration at the corner of the internal gears. Over the years Hayes Broaching Service has created splined Calculation. 40, 7 tooth span readings will occur. For Clas 2, both extemaland internal splines have the same tooth thicknes and space width dimensions as an ANS[ Class 5 spline. 1-1970, Society of Automotive Engineers. On ANSI splines actual O. Get in touch with us. sPLIneD coUPLInGs Jul 1, 1996 · Involute Splines and Inspection. 2M Module Spline Mill Inserts. Jan 29, 2024 · In addition to the calculation of splines according to DIN 5480, connections according to ISO 4156, ANSI B92. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Published by: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 163. gearcutter (Industrial) 1 Jul 11 22:39. It is the tip diameter of the internal spline or the root diameter of. It also guarantees Spline Terms, Symbols, and Drawing Data, 30-Degree Pressure Angle, Flat Root Side Fit ANSI B92. 8931 REF PITCH DIAMETER 1. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for service only. Dec 20, 2018 · Hi. Polygon Solutions offers a wide range of Standard Internal and External Involute Spine Rotary Broaches that are designed to be used individually or as mating parts. It does not supersede the B92. Below are 4 different spline adapters that are common. Metric units can be configured as well. Posted by Adam Tullis on October 29, 2009 at 10:43:25: I am trying to verify the form diameter shown in table 57 of ANSI B92. 1 and ANSI B92. 50 (FIT 1) SHAFT (EXTERNAL) or HOLE (INTERNAL) A basic principle of this standard is Nominal External Diameters of Jun 21, 2018 · Download ANSI B92. Download & View ANSI B92. 515 thru 48/96 Pitch D cos N +1. As a result of calculations, shear stress τ and crushing stress σcr in the splines are determined. 1b. 3. sales@intertekinform. 1-1970 (R1982), Involute Splines, American National Standards Institute. The term “involute serration, ” formerly applied to involute splines with 45-degre e pressure Apr 7, 2020 · only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA Information Sheet 945-1-B20, Splines – Design and Application. 1 These splines or multiple keys are similar in form to internal and This document provides a comparison of ISO 4156/ANSI B92. Tapered spline shafts. 1 Equations These splines or multiple keys are similar in form to internal and external involute gears. The profile search function can help the user to quickly Splines Mott, Fig. The flexibility of the concept is demonstrated, and examples in both English and metric (SI) units of measure are given. PDF Price. 1b-1996. Nov 15, 2018 · Splines –Design and Application. 1-1970 Interchangeability; Internal Major Diameters 8/16DP & 10/20DP, 30°PA; Internal Major Diameters 12/24DP & 16/32DP, 30°PA; Internal Major Diameters 37-1/2° & 45°PA (Full Fillet Side Fit) JIS Inv. SAE STANDARD - 1950. u o u 0 o o > c o O zla- n. Priced From: $63 PDF. The data falls into two patterns: splines with a length/diameter ratio of 1. Sydney NSW 2000 Australia, GPO Box 5420, SYDNEY NSW 2001. There are two basics types of splines: the flexible spline (working) and the fixed splined (nonworking). 1 B5. 2MA - Aug. The spline connection can have a loose, sliding, or pressed-fit condition. WN4 calculates the fit types "Flat Root Side Fit", "Fillet Root Side Fit" and "Major Diameter Side Fit In American National Standard ANSI B92. Sevolute is used in determining the generated full fillet at the root of the gear. 2M, DIN 5480, and ISO 4156 are not interchangeable with splines described by the NF E22-141 series of standards. A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard. Preview. 2M. WNXE calculates involute splines to ISO 4156, DIN 5480, ANSI B92. Splines provide a more uniform circumferential transfer of torque to the shaft than a key. 0127 0. 001 0. All splines currently meeting the requirements of the B92. 1 “Standard, Involute Splines and Inspection,” published by Society of Automotive Engineers, 1996. 0 module involute splines with a 30-degree pressure angle. Monday to Friday 9 am to 5 pm (AEST / AEDT) 131 242 or +61 2 8206 6010. We look forward to speaking with you about your external Spline Hobbing needs. Insert Length. This information sheet is an extension of AGMA 945-1-B20 to cover inch based splines. ISO 4156 (all parts) provides the data and indications necessary for the design, manufacture and inspection of straight (non-helical) side-fitting cylindrical involute splines. 0 ADD TO CART. 1 ans ANS B 92. 1 Spline Mill Inserts. Straight cylindrical involute splines manufactured in accordance with ISO 4156 (all parts) are used for clearance, sliding and Jan 4, 2021 · Take as an example an ANSI 92. If you do not see the tool required to produce the part you need, don’t worry Hayes Broaching Service can rent or purchase additional tooling for what ever customer needs arise. The profile search function can help the user to quickly The shop for every industrial spline; The shop for every industrial spline ANSI B92. This would be very helpful in my hobby project. 5° and 45° pressure angle, parallel straight sided splines and modifications to spline geometry such as lead modification, missing tooth, and end geometry from the manufacturing process. 1:1996 for guidance & data for the design of straight (nonhelical) involute spline teeth from SAI Global. There are two major types of splines used in industry: 1) straight-sided splines, and 2) involute splines. For the calculation, the number of splines Ansi B92. Standards. 6 0. Even JIS splines with 20 deg pressure angle and large profile shift. SAE Standard Straight Sided Inserts. 1-1970 (R 19 93), many features of the 1960 standard are retained; plus the addition of three t olerance classes, for a total of four. All sizes conform to the ANSI B92. 1, DIN 5482, DIN 9611. 1-1970, is described. 3125" (twice the addendum height was used across a diameter). 1-1970 Maximum Tolerance for Space Width & Tooth Thickness of Tolerance Class 5 Splines; Ansi B92. 0519 ANSI B92!1!1996 Involute Splines and Inspection - Free ebook download as PDF File (. The software I use is based on the ISO system. o z z o o o o a z z O o 0 o o o o o o E o n. 1 standard. Involute Spline per ANSI B92. 2M : 1980 METRIC MODULE, INVOLUTE SPLINES from NSAI ANSI B92. 002 for shafts 2 to 3 in, inclusive; -0. 774. sPLIneD coUPLInGs For metric based splines see AGMA 945-1-B20. 2M-1980 spline standards with older imperial standards. Jan 26, 1989 · Metric module involute splines : standard ANSI B92. standard by SAE International, 11/06/2000. 1-1970. Any chance you could make me a 23 teeth ANSI B92. Number of Teeth 12/24 DP. Inspection. Diametrical pitch: 16/32 DP. 4. RE: Metric module spline spec value confirmation. Class – 6g for external threads and 6H for internal threads. 01, Level 7, 45 Clarence St. 1), this is the diametric pitch, representing the number of teeth per inch of the pitch diameter. MIN. 1-1996 Involute Splines and Inspection as PDF for free. Scope The scope of this information sheet includes involute splines (some of which are governed by ANSI B92. 0665 MINOR DIAMETER 1. 2M ASA B5. 5: Sevolute Equation for Shaft – Courtesy ANSI B92. Critical updates of standards and customisable alerts and notifications. Serrated Shaft Ends. The DIN 5480 and DIN 5482 series of standards is limited to splines with a pressure angle of 30°, since pressure angles of 37. Smin = 0. Universal Design Calculator [1] Involute splines and inspection ANSI B92. Not a Member? Find out how to get ANSI Member Discount. 1 standard are still in compliance with that standard. 1-1996 Involute Splines And Inspection. 2 N- 0. pdf) or read book online for free. 759. 1 Standard. 000 CIRCULAR TOOTH THICKNESS MAX ACTUAL 0. 2. 1 Hob Stock List. ANSI B92. 13 ASAE S203. A. [2] Excel 2007 Help. DIN 5480 Module Spline Mill Inserts. WN5 calculates the fit types "Flat Root Side Fit" and "Fillet Root Side Fit". The effective fit concept for involute splines, as documented in the American National Standard B92. For Class 1 splines, the Spline and Gear Mill Inserts. The number of teeth over which to measure is worked out by laying the jaws Complete Current Edition: 1980 R89 EDITION - INCLUDES ANSI-B92. 0254 5 5 h Fillet Root Fillet Root Standard Internal Involute spline data Number of Teeth Diametral pitch Pressure angle Base diameter Pitch Imperial involute splines are to ANSI B92. 3 N-=-I+ 2cf 450 spline Fillet Root Side Fit 10/20 thru 128/256 Pitch D cos 0. This document is an extension of the current B92. DIN 5482 Module Spline Mill Inserts. WNXE can calculate dimensions of involute splines (without tolerances) according to any standard, if the most essential dimensions are known or measured. See figures below (in red involute profile) (2 y3) Step 3: External involute. WN5 calculates dimensions, tolerances, dimension over pins, stress and life expectation for Involute Splines according to ISO 4156 and ANSI B92. 1-1996 standard. Mar 6, 2021 · #Productdesigntip Fixed spline can carry 9 times more compressive stresses than flexible spline. 👥 MULTI-USER. 2M at GlobalSpec. 1. The geometry can be selected conveniently from a data base. Sep 6, 2012 · Fig. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. In the check of this part. 1 ANSI B92. The paper reflects the latest (1970) revision to the B92. 5° and 45° ISO 4156-1:2021(E) Introduction. 1 (inch version), and ANSI B92. 1 - 1996 for an external spline with 17 teeth, fillet root side fit, 24/48 spline pitch, 45 degree pressure angle, with a class 6 fit. Number of Teeth: 15. iso41562005-Straight cylindrical involute splines - Metric module, side fit - Part 1: Generalities-ISO 4156-1:2005 provides the data and indications necessary f In American National Standard ANSI B92. 15-1960. Furthermore, the calculation of spline profiles according to DIN 5482 is also possible. com. The profile search function can help the user to quickly identify a profile. NF E22-141 75 x 28 x 2. EXTERNAL – INTERNAL SHAFTS – HUBS ANSI B92. 6 N -1 + 2cf Minor Diameter External (Dre) When using tabulated type of spline engineering drawing specifications, many designers may choose to not show a drafted illustration of the spline teeth as given within Table A. 1-1970 Class 5. CAUTION NOTICE:AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Parallel-side spline's have been standardized by the SAE for 4, 6, 10, and 16 spline fittings. Status. 14 Module (m) - The ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of spline teeth. Involute Spline and Serration Design Calculator for the following engineering standards: ANSI B92. Metric module, side fit. Basically, WN4 uses imperial units inch, psi, lb-in. +1 855 999 9870 (United States & Canada) +61 2 9161 7799 (Asia Pacific) /standards/ansi-b92-1-1996?product_id=18557: Referrer: Direct Navigation: IP: Buy ANSI B92. This article will address splines with an involute tooth form, since they are so widely used in the industry. 2M:1980 (R1989) Metric Involute Splines and Inspection Standard from NSAI. ASME B18. 2M-1980 (R1989) includes B92. There are just two classes of fit. 1, 1980. 1, 1980 WNXE can calculate dimensions of involute splines (without tolerances) according to any standard, if the most essential dimensions are known or measured. 773. For metric information see TSB 003. Spline, Metric Module Involute. 1 (inch version), ANSI B92. SAE Parallel Side Splines Table of Sizes and Dimensions. The results of the study are in Table 2 and Figure 11. Use ANSI B92. Metric … 30 degree PA splines falls in approx-imat. They may be used with flat root fit shafts. 26 DIN 5480 DIN 5481 DIN 5482 ISO 4156 JIS D 2001 NF E22-141 SAE J499 SAE J500. 1 covers pressure angles of 30, 37. Buy ANSI B92. Dec 2, 2019 · ANSI B92. The main values of the parameters can be seen below (4). The module allows a fast and easy calculation of the geometry and strength of involute splines according to DIN 5480 (03/2006), DIN 5482 (03/1973), ISO 4156 (10/2005), ANSI B92. 2M-1980. 11-6 Splines can be thought of as a series of axial keyways with mating keys machined onto a shaft. 0005 0. J500_199504. An example set of designations for a mating spline pair with 32 teeth, 2,5 module, with a 30 pressure angle, a fillet root and a class 5 fit is Mating: INT/EXT 32z 2,5m 30R 5H/5f ISO 4156 Internal spline Mar 1, 2004 · The primary function of a spline is to transfer torque from one shaft to another shaft, or to other rotary components such as gears, pulleys, or hubs. Smax = 0. Obsolete Revision Information: 1980 EDITION - Metric Module Involute Splines - Aug. comANSI B92 1 1996 Techstreet. ANSI 規格のインボリュート スプラインの名称、記号、および関係について、詳細な説明と図表を提供するページです。インボリュート スプラインの基本的な定義や計算方法、および Inventor での作成方法を学びたい方は、ぜひご覧ください。Autodesk の公式ヘルプサイトです。 Strength of a Splined Connection. This is done with a good set of verniers and measured tangentially in the normal plane over a certain number of teeth. Module Spec Gear Inserts. The addendum height is 1/DP or 1/32" in this example. AGMA 945-A18. Aug. ACTUAL CIRCULAR TOOTH THICKNESS 0. SAE Size: SAE B-B 1" Outside diameter Involute Spline ANSI B92. CLASS 5 These splines mate together, but maintaining a consistent fit is proving troublesome at clients end. 5°, or 45°. Spline and Gear Mill Inserts / ANSI B92. Current. SPLINE DETAILS. 2 (metric versions) are also supported. J500_200011. 1, 1a, and B92. Designation of involute splines. 00. 1980 EDITION. $175. 1, DIN 5463, DIN 5480, DIN 5482) amount of teeth and diametrical pitch, spline adapters also vary in type. 1 1970, FLAT ROOT SIDE FIT. Ansi B92 1 1970 Class 5 On Ansi Splines Actual O D Of Mating Shaft May Be Smaller Than Shown As Nominal Spline O D To Allow For Root Clearance Metric Involute Splines Listed Are To Deutsche Normen Din 5480 Din 5482 Or D 2th, 2024 Din 5480 Spline Data Avlib JUNE 20TH, 2018 - DIN 5480 W 120 X 3 X 38 X 8F W UNLIKE ANSI B92 1 SPLINES so we can help right away! Suite 7. It establishes a specification based on the metric module within the range 0. 2M Metric Module Involute Splines. In the imperial system (ANSI B92. Imperial units inch, psi, lb-in, can be configured as well. Others Also Bought. 300 Spline Flat Root Major Dia. * Tolerance allowed of -0. Several documents exist relating to various aspects of spline design and manufacture. Washington DC, United States: United States Department of Defense. This document contains information on inch serrated shaft ends and hole dimensions. 25-10 inclusive, relating to nominal pressure angles of 30 deg, 37. ansib921996-INVOLUTE SPLINES AND INSPECTION-Gives guidance and data for the design of straight (nonhelical) involute spline teeth. ISO 4156 defines variation allowances to account for manufacturing tolerances and ensure different classes of fits. High precision blind internal splines. 1 (from machinery's handbook, 28 ed) the specification is: FLAT ROOT SIDE FIT CLASS 5 PITCH 32/64 PRESSURE ANGLE 30 DEG BASE DIAMETER 0. 1 PD 24/48 spline with involute tooth profile, 30deg pressure angle and side fit model. Involute Splines - 1996 Addendum. Table A Spline Terms, Symbols, and Drawing Data, 30-Degree Pressure Angle, Flat Root Side Fit ANSI B92. 1 Number of TeethPitch Pressure Angle Length (Lg) internal part runout (Coi) external part runout (Coe) Tolerance Class Fit Class Spline Type external Spline Type internal English Metric 25 25 24/48 45 45 1 25. S. Languages: English. The internal spline have only one tolerance band (identical to a CIa s 5 ANSI spline). SAE J500_200011 . 1-1996 Approved by the American National Standards Institute Involute Splines and Inspection Sponsored by: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All are 1. Multi-user online standards collection: secure, flexible and cost effective. 8 2 N +1 + 2cf N- 2cf 37. sided spline [6]. eazycity. These Internal Involute Spline Rotary Broaches can be used with our 1/2″ Series GT Rotary Broach (6) Involute splines are typically made with pressure angles of 30°, 37. The shaft is under the action of torque T . the external spline. 1 Standard and are available for fast delivery. Female involute splines listed in this catalogue are fillet root side fit. $82 Printed Edition + PDF. Jan 1, 1989 · Publishers. [3] Earle Buckingham – Manual of Gear Design – Part 2. 265 pages Feb 7, 2007 · They have a motor, imported from the US, with male spline outputs designated SAE J744-22-4, SAE “B” (13T). 15 ASAE S203. Class 5 spline in ANSI. 375" spline OD, then the pitch diameter is 1. SAE Size: SAE C 1 1/4" Outside diameter: 31 SAE. 2M-1980 (R1989) and ANSI B92. The first place to start is by measuring the base pitch of the sample. B-92. 1 Equations and Design; Spline Socket Go and No Go Gages; Spline Engineering Design Formula; Hexagon and Spline Sockets for Metric Socket Head Cap Screws; Key and Spline Drive Bit Tools per. Planetary or Epicyclic Gear gear ratios are the rates at which the selected gears rotate relative the mechanical advantage. Description. We have no amendments or corrections for this standard. 5 deg, and 45 deg. 5° and 45° are covered by ISO 4156. Software Spline Standards The software „Spline standards“ creates all data of involute splines strictly to standards or similar to standards: Germany: DIN 5480 USA: ANSI B92. 50 spline Fillet Root Side Fit 2. So given a 1. Knowing these characteristics of your spline is crucial for us to provide an accurate quote. Pressure Angle. Further, the involute splines guarantee self-centering action of hub and shaft which are being under load. 2 International: ISO 4156 More informations and a demonstration version for numbers of teeth being a prime number are Imperial involute splines are to ANSI B92. ely a 60 degree sector, or for a 40 tooth part the span is 7 teeth. Calculating Spline Form Diameter per ANSI B92. 1. Basically, WN5 uses metric units. See full list on mitcalc. Flexible spline allows some rocking motion whereas fixed spline allows no relative or rocking motion between two 120 x 114 x 38x 8HE/8eb IS : 3665. 3; Involute Spline and Serration Universal Design Calculator; Shaft with Two Splines Deflection, Stress Equation and Simple online access to standards, technical information and regulations. Many thanks! Class 5 spline in ANSI. 2M : 1980. 1-1970, R1993 Dec 21, 2010 · However, you need to know the pitch diameter of the spline, and this can be deduced from the spline OD and the addendum height of a 32 DP gear in this example. $63 Printed Edition. Number of Starts – One. Superseded. D. Tooth Range. This standard is not included in any packages. Dimensions BS ISO 4156:2005_3: Straight cylindrical involute splines. 003 in for shafts 31⁄2 to 6 in, inclusive, for 4-, 6-, and 10-spline Dec 31, 2021 · ANSI 892. 1; IS 2610 – power transmission-straight sided splines for machine tools . Page Count. Sevolute(ε) = sec(ε) – inv(ε) = [1/cos(ε)] – Tan(ε) + (ε) o O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 e O O SS 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 O o 0 0 00 0 0 0 . For Class 1 splines, the If no characters follow the M and diameter, it means that all the other parameters are according to the default as defined in ISO 965-1: ISO Metric Thread Defaults: Pitch – According to the Coarse pitch series. 1 external spline with a pressure angle of 45 deg, spline pitch 24/48, and 28 teeth. SAE ARP179 Involute Spline Gages 30 Degree Pressure Angle. Publication Date. Involute Spline Engineering Drawing Data When defining engineering design data on an engineering drawing for involute splines, uniform and consistent specifications. Spur Gear Design Tool Calculator: Formulas for Tooth Parts, 20-and 25-degree Involute Full-depth Teeth ANSI Coarse Pitch Spur Gear Tooth Forms. 0 follow a power function (top three curves). ANSI-B92. 1-1996. er xu rt pa fe le dn gf ul lf