In this book, the authors discuss the chemical properties, applications and toxicology characteristics of toluene. The water solubility is about 580 mg/L. It comprises 15–20 percent of coal-tar light oil and is a minor constituent of petroleum. Molecular weight 92. Aug 16, 2007 · Aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylene are major components of many fuels. Toluene is primarily derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes. ; Dunbar, R. It finds applications in the polymer industry as a chain extender Mar 18, 2019 · This is the third of four articles about key solvents—Ed. , Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes , Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, 2-Nitrotoluene | C7H7NO2 | CID 6944 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety 2. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the trinitrotoluene (TNT), a pale yellow, solid organic nitrogen compound used chiefly as an explosive, prepared by stepwise nitration of toluene. The physical–chemical properties of CeMnOx composite oxides catalyst have been systematically characterized. Commercial refined benzene-535 is free of hydrogen sulfide. Toluene diisocyanate is a colorless, yellow, or dark liquid or solid. Properties of Toluene (C. Most toluene produced is derived from petroleum fractions. Effective Solvent: Toluene dissolves a wide range of organic compounds, making it valuable in producing paints, coatings, and adhesives. , 2017 ). In the U. As a toluene derivative, it is used as a solvent and starting material for organic synthesis and is found in paints, paint thinners, glues, and other products. 2012: Color: Colorless: Jan 23, 2023 · Phenol is moderately soluble in water - about 8 g of phenol will dissolve in 100 g of water. Other chemical and physical properties of commercial-grade TDI are listed in Table 1. A steam-heated shell-and-tube exchanger is available. The detection limit for toluene depends on sampling procedures and matrices, but is of the order of 1 µg/m 3 or 1 µg/kg or even lower. 991°C Fabri et al. Monoisotopic mass 92. Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. In 1974 Yaws3 published a compendium of physical properties of important substances, including tol­ uene. Toluene, or toluol as it was once called, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon except for benzene. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION . [6] The CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as Ts or Tos. Formula: C 7 H 8; Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file Fluid Properties; In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products: SRD 103a – Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds. ) was investigated. states” estimates of thermodynamic properties. Toluene is a liquid with a density of 0. 3) The melting point of toluene is −95oC. The results will greatly help the evaluation of the toluene-derived SOA on atmospheric visibility and climate change under complicated pollution conditions. Molecular weight: 92. Benzene and toluene react with nitric acid and sulfuric acid in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. It is also produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal. When added to a tank of sulfur dichloride, the tank over pressurized and ruptured in a General health effects of toluene are also discussed in more limited detail. 584-84-9 CAS No. Scheme 2 was a schematic diagram of the fixed bed reactor. ASTM-Oils 1, 2 and 3 13. Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) are flammable substances used in a wide range of raw materials and products. /15. Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon towards electrophilic aromatic Chemical Characteristics. 1 Identity and Physical/Chemical Properties Toluene (CAS Registry No. Toluene is an industrial chemical and is commonly used as a solvent in many industries. 2012 Color Colorless Haynes et al. It is a liquid compound that is insoluble in water and smells like paint thinners. 2 Specific Gravity at 25°/25°C Chao J. (1) Toluene occurs as a colorless, flamma 6 ble 5, re 3 fractive liquid, that is slightly soluble in water. A naturally occurring hydrocarbon, it’s an essential solvent and feedstock in the chemical industry. 26471-62-5 CAS No. 14 ppm. Structure and properties Index of refraction, n D: 1. Acute exposure to high levels of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans, via inhalation, results in Property Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate Toluene diisocyanate; Molecular weight: 250. Chemical waste generators must also consult local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations to ensure complete and accurate classification. According to the balanced chemical equation, two moles of toluene react with eighteen moles of oxygen gas and produce fourteen moles of carbon dioxide and eight moles of water. If you try to dissolve more than this, you get two layers of liquid. Two sets of alfalfa seedlings were selected and one set was treated with 450 mg L−1 toluene in the nutrient solution under hydroponic culture. ΔfG° : Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (kJ/mol). Chao J. ΔfH°gas : Enthalpy of formation at standard conditions (kJ/mol). General health effects include lethality, growth, morbidity, liver and kidney damage and miscellaneous effects. ΔfusH° : Enthalpy of fusion at standard conditions (kJ/mol). 4°C); therefore, it is a significant fire hazard at room temperature. Counsell et a/. Toluene is an organic solvent and is a constituent of various fuel streams from petrochemical refining. The resonance structures for benzene, C 6 H 6, are: Figure Toluene. TOLUENE 299 . Ammonium Solution 10. Improves Fuel Efficiency: When used as a fuel additive, toluene increases the octane rating of gasoline, helping engines run more efficiently. Toluene (C 7 H 8) belongs to the aromatic The tube dimensions are: outside diameter 17 mm, inside diameter 15 mm, and length 5. Property Information Reference; Molecular weight: 92. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. The adsorption isotherms of toluene on the treated Y Chemical Properties of Toluene-D8 (CAS 2037-26-5) Cp,gas : Ideal gas heat capacity (J/mol×K). It is flammable at temperatures greater than 40°F (4. (To review these concepts, refer to the earlier chapters on chemical bonding). , 2008: There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. Synonym: Toluol, Tolu-Sol; Methylbenzene; Methacide; Phenylmethane; Methylbenzol Chemical Name: Toluene Chemical Formula: C6-H5-CH3 or C7-H8 Huang, F. [2] Abbreviated TsCl or TosCl, it is a derivative of toluene and contains a sulfonyl chloride (−SO 2 Cl) functional group . Mass Spectrom. It is often used as a solvent in various industrial and consumer products, including paints, coatings, adhesives, and gasoline. : Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, phenylmethane and tolulol, is a colorless and clear liquid with a distinct smell, characteristic of the aromatic hydrocarbon family of chemical compounds including benzene. The toluene molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms, 1 nitrogen atom, and 1 hydrogen atom. Phenol is somewhat soluble in water because of its ability to form hydrogen bonds with Toluene (methylbenzene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used in industry as a solvent and also in the production of other chemical compounds. Benzyl Alcohol 16. , Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes , Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, Trinitrotoluene ( / ˌtraɪˌnaɪtroʊˈtɒljuiːn / ), [4] [5] more commonly known as TNT (and more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ), and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, [citation needed] is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 2 (NO 2) 3 CH 3. It is a member of toluenes and an arenesulfonic acid. Experimental Project Results from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. S. Physical Properties The chemical formula for toluene is C H CH , and its molecular weight is 92. 4)The density of toluene is 0. , the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, toluene is produced by 21 companies at 30 plants. 14 g/mol. 7 13. Toluene has a pungent odour, a boiling point of 110. 2 Appearance Clear, Colorless Liquid Odor Strong, Pungent NCO Content (wt%) 48. It has a benzene-like smell. Phenol dissolves to give a 9. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. 3 percent solution Toluene has a molecular formula of C7H8, while xylene has a molecular formula of C8H10. It was first isolated in 1837 from pine oil by Polish chemist Filip N. H. and sulfur dioxide, but contains a maximum of 1 ppm thiophene and a maximum of 0. The toluene chemical is present in gasoline, glues, and paints. The values given in Table A. Modifications to a chemical process will require 120,000 kg/h of toluene to be heated from 15 oC to a temperature of at least 55 oC. Table A. Accurate kinetic mechanisms for the combustion of toluene are, however, incomplete, as they do not accurately model experimental results such as strain rates and ignition times and consistently underpredict conversion. 1. 3 days ago · Toluene is a transparent, colourless liquid with an odour similar to benzene. Tuning the pore size of a CMS membrane to improve the selectivity of desirable gas pair is highly necessary. Toluene contributes to the overwhelming formation of SOA being the most abundant aromatic hydrocarbon in the atmosphere ( Ji et al. Diethyltoluenediamine is a diamine compound with two aromatic toluene rings connected to two amino groups. In EU the average content of toluene in petrol is about 11 %. 5 m. Table 4-2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Toluene. The following table provides a comprehensive list of toluene properties in both Jun 26, 2023 · Iron ion is the common transition metal ion in atmospheric aerosol, which can affect the components and optics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It has unique physical and chemical properties, including low volatility, solubility in water and polar solvents, and stability under normal conditions. In addition, the PCBA adsorbent prepared at 850 °C can restore the toluene adsorption performance at 120 °C, which provides a possibility for its Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment; Δ f H° gas: 50. Uses Apr 17, 2020 · In this work, we investigated the effect of SO 2 on the optical properties and chemical composition of the SOA derived from toluene under different humidity. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or Toluene-4-sulfonic acid is an arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group. Toluene’s methyl group makes it more reactive in certain reactions, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. , Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene Ziegler, W. A brief description of chemical properties and environmental prevalence is given, followed by a review of pharmacokinetic data. This Public Health Statement summarizes the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) findings on toluene, including chemical characteristics, exposure risks, possible health effects from exposure, and ways to limit exposure. 4 gave the thermodynamic properties of This page provides supplementary chemical data on toluene. ChEBI. It is flammable and burns with a yellow flame producing a lot of smoke. 141 g/mol. 5 itself is of great significance for understanding the heterogeneous chemical reactions of pollutants and the formation mechanism of SOA. 6 °F]) has a boiling point more than 70 degrees higher than that of toluene (C 6 H 5 CH 3; MW 92, bp 111 °C [231. Toluene, also known by its systematic name methylbenzene, is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. Toluene mixes readily with many organic solvents, but is poorly soluble in water. The name toluene was derived from the older name toluol that refers to tolu balsam, an aromatic extract from the tropical American tree Myroxylon balsamum, from which it was first isolated. Oct 15, 2022 · The toluene chemical looping reforming performance of Fe 2 O 3 @SBA-15 was studied in the fixed bed reactor. For example, phenol (molecular weight [MW] 94, boiling point [bp] 182 °C [359. This study modeled the effects and consequences on various scenarios of toluene release via the ALOHA and PHAST programs: evaporation puddle formation, dispersion of toxic Chao J. Toluene: The molar mass of toluene is about 92. 2C 7 H 8 (l) + 18O 2(g) → 14CO 2(g) + 8H 2 O (g) Change of oxidation numbers in toluene combustion Chemical Name Toluene Diisocyanate 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate CAS No. T. Toluene bottle. Properties of Toluene. IUPAC Standard InChIKey:YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy. 7. In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure. Toluene is a volatile liquid that is flammable and Mar 26, 2024 · Toluene treatment has received extensive attention, and ozone synergistic catalytic oxidation was thought to be a potential method to degrade VOCs (violate organic compounds) due to its low Nov 15, 2022 · Therefore, exploring the redox properties of PM2. 15 g/mol. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyurenthane products. 987 atm. Physical and Chemical Properties of Toluene . Benzene: The molar mass of benzene is about 78. Current kinetic mechanisms for toluene combustion neglect the reactions of the methylphenyl Chemical structure: This structure is F. 2) The boiling point of toluene is 111oC. 87 g/mol. 5 °C, and a vapour pressure of 3 kPa at 20 °C. This structural difference leads to variations in their physical and chemical properties, such as CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Chemical properties Chemical resistance For the following media, the resistance of Elastollan® has been tested: Reagents Code Adblue 11. Its chemical formula is C 7 H 8. It has a smell like paint thinners. Average mass 92. The ability of phenols to form strong hydrogen bonds also enhances their solubility in water. It has 100 steel tubes arranged in Overview. D. These compounds contain ring structures and exhibit bonding that must be described using the resonance hybrid concept of valence bond theory or the delocalization concept of molecular orbital theory. IUPAC Standard InChI:InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3 Copy. 062599 Da. Toluene is a clear and colourless liquid. Toluene diisocyanate (technical, 26471-62-5) is an 80: 20 mixture of 2,4-and 2,6-isomers. Apr 13, 2023 · Toluene also smells sweet but with a sharper, more pungent note. It is mainly converted in naphtha reformers to toluene. Molecular Simulation 1997, 20 (1-2) , 95-113. This colorless liquid component has good dissolving properties, which makes it useful for dissolving various substances, including resins, dyes, varnishes and oils. TDA is manufactured by nitrating toluene to produce dinitrotoluene, which is then catalytically reduced to TDA. 252: 174. Molar Mass ( Molecular Weight) M (g/mol) TOLUENE reacts vigorously with allyl chloride or other alkyl halides even at -70°C in the presence of ethyl aluminum dichloride or ethyl aluminum sesquichloride. Benzene: Benzene is an aromatic compound having the chemical formula C 6 H 6. Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is produced by the catalytic reforming of naphtha. 1384. Feb 8, 2012 · Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. Table 4-2. Study on the Basic Physical Properties of Toluene Soluble Extracted from Coal Tar Pitch: ZHU Yaming 1,2, ZHAO Chunlei 1,2, LIU Xian 1,2, ZHAO Xuefei 1,2, GAO Lijuan 1, CHENG Junxia 1 Aug 19, 2021 · The leakage of toluene from damaged tanks can threaten both workers and the environment; ergo, the effects and consequences of toluene leaks can be modeled and quantified to aid in emergency planning and response management. , Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes , Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, Jul 11, 2019 · Owing to the great importance of zeolite Y in industrial catalysis, the adsorption equilibrium and diffusion of toluene on a series of steaming and acid leaching Y zeolites were investigated to obtain an insight into the effects of secondary mesoporosity and surface acidity in the Y zeolites on the adsorption and diffusion properties. Insoluble in water, it is a colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of paint thinners. 8 °F]). Molar Mass. Alcohol 11. Modeling uncertainties give considerable latitude in the assignment of kinetic parameters. 11 g/mol. Jan 5, 2016 · The influence of toluene pollution on the chemical properties and swelling coefficient of root cell walls in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 1) The chemical formula of toluene is C6H5CH3. Adsorption isotherms of two volatile organic compounds, toluene and m-xylene, on dealuminated Y zeolite (DAY) were measured at (25, 35, 45, and 55) °C using a vacuum microbalance system. 108-88-3) is a clear, colourless liquid with a sweet, pungent odour. Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Fragile Glass-Forming Toluene and Meta-Xylene: Experiments and Monte-Carlo Simulations. It is used in the production of benzene, plastics, and other chemicals. 110°C, but its melting point is much lower at -94. Production, uses, and sources of exposure Toluene is a commercially-important intermediate chemical produced throughout the world in enormous quantities (0. A commercial polyimide hollow fiber membrane was used as the The name toluene was derived from the older name toluol, which refers to tolu balsam, an aromatic extract from the tropical Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum, from which it was first isolated. Jan 5, 2022 · A carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane is a microporous membrane that can serve as a molecular sieve. MnOx as catalytic active species was highly dispersed in the cubic fluorite structure CeO2 A. Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor that is a Toluene MSDS Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Toluene Catalog Codes: SLT2857, SLT3277 CAS#: 108-88-3 RTECS: XS5250000 TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Toluene CI#: Not available. Thirty days after treatment with toluene, alfalfa plants were harvested and the root cell walls Methylcyclohexane (cyclohexylmethane) is an organic compound with the molecular formula is CH 3 C 6 H 11. -S. 2012 Boiling point 110. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent. 95°C. An In-depth Look at Toluene. It is a monocyclic aromatic compound with one hydrogen on the benzene ring substituted by one methyl group (molecular formula C 6H 5CH 3). (1,4) Chemical Properties. It is relatively insensitive to shock and cannot be Information regarding the physical and chemical properties of benzene is located in Table 4-2. Chemical May 24, 2024 · Benefits of Toluene. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in Structural diagrams of the BTX hydrocarbons. It undergoes smooth sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene. When storing toluene-containing products it is important to Nov 21, 2023 · Toluene, also called methylbenzene, is an organic chemical compound with a chemical formula of C7H8. ) Toluene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C 7 H 8. Its structure consists of a methyl group (CH 3) attached to a phenyl group (C 6 H 5 ), which is a cyclic ring of six carbon atoms. , Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties Stoichiometric balanced chemical reaction of toluene and oxygen gases. Versatile Chemical Precursor: Toluene serves . 1. The chemical compound toluene is naturally occurring and mainly derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes. Chemical properties. Boiling Point of Toluene is 111C. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is extremely toxic from acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. 1: kJ/mol: Review: Roux, Temprado, et al. The fixed-bed reactor was mainly composed of a gas distribution system, reactor, and product collection and detection system. The methyl group makes it around 25 times more reactive than benzene in such reactions. Both sources provide toluene for commercial use, but larger amounts are made by catalytic. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a CH3 C H 3 group attached to a phenyl group. Molecular Formula CH. 15% nonaromatics. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT FOR TOLUENE. Herein, we report the first study on the toluene vapor modification of a CMS membrane that shows high H2 selectivity. Formula: C 7 H 8; Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file Fluid Properties; 1. Disposal considerations Waste Disposal Methods Chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded chemical is classified as a hazardous waste. 4. Chemical Properties Reactivity with Other Chemicals. Boric Acid 1. It has a boiling point close to that of water at approx. Chem , A Study on Mixing Properties of Binary Mixtures of 2-Methoxyethanol with Feb 18, 2024 · 4-Bromotoluene is a p-substituted aryl bromide. 2012 Toluene 2. The major. Other chemical and physical properties of 2,4-TDA are listed in Table 1. Chemical structure: and 2-Propanone and Toluene, Water and 2-Propanone, J. Ammonium Chloride Solution 10. The TiO 2 reference catalyst shows relatively high activity, above the one of the Degussa P25 reference [37], [61], while the bare (Mn)g-C 3 N 4 powders (not shown) display significantly inferior activity, more than one order of magnitude, in agreement with previous results [38], [62]. Jan 5, 2024 · Chemical Properties. 9 parts per million (ppm). 5) The molecular weight of toluene is 92. ], Int. Groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant, TN had 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene concentrations of 988 ug/L (2). It is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid that has a sweet smell. ChemSpider ID 1108. This white, malodorous solid is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis. Aug 29, 2022 · The high microporous ratio and specific surface area can provide more active sites for toluene adsorption, thus improving the toluene adsorption performance of the porous carbon-based adsorbent. , Time-resolved photodissociation of toluene ion [E o (C 6 H 5 CH 3 + Ü C 7 H 7 + + H)=2. In the current study, the atmospheric photooxidation of toluene to produce SOA in the presence of ferric chloride fine particles is simulated in a smog chamber; on-line and off-line mass spectrometry and spectroscopic instruments are used to Toluene. J. CAS Registry Number: 108-88-3. 2. 16: Color: Light-yellow: Clear, colorless to pale yellow: Physical state GROUND WATER: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene was detected in contaminated groundwater beneath and down gradient from the disposal beds of the Hawthorne Naval Ammunition Depot, NV at a maximum concn of 620 ug/L (1). Bar 0. It was originally named by Jöns Jakob Berzelius. Products that may contain toluene-such as paint, metal cleaners and Kyong Whan Moon. The Toluene is a man-made aromatic hydrocarbon produced mostly from petroleum. 4-Bromotoluene was used in the synthesis of ketones by Cu/Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction. 91-08-7 Synonyms TDI, Toluene Diisocyanate Molecular Formula CH3 C6 H3 (NCO)2 Molecular Weight 174. 138 Da. Anti-freeze 14. Toluene is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, benzene, and ether. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2002 , 629-642. Toluene's chemical formula is C 6 H 5 CH 3. SRD 103b – Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds, binary mixtures and chemical reactions Nov 15, 2023 · Toluene, a marvel in the world of organic solvents, possesses unique properties that make it an invaluable asset in various industrial applications, particularly in paint thinning. Dec 15, 2019 · The activity of the g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite materials in toluene photo-oxidation is presented in Fig. Sep 18, 2017 · Toluene: Toluene is an organic compound having a benzene ring attached to a methyl group. Chemical accidents caused by flammable substances are different Toluene is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, pungent, benzene-like odor. It undergoes nitration to Mar 1, 2023 · Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the chemical formula C7H8 C 7 H 8. Toluene is a mono-substituted colorless liquid that has a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. [4] Physical Properties of Toluene. In 1991, 3,104,000 megagrams (944 million gallons) of toluene were recovered. If saturated steam at 3 bar is to. 2013 Melting point -94. Because TNT melts at 82° C (178° F) and does not explode below 240° C (464° F), it can be melted in steam-heated vessels and poured into casings. Property Information Reference . Toluene consists of a single methyl group attached to a benzene ring, whereas xylene has two methyl groups attached to different positions on the benzene ring. The top layer is a solution of phenol in water, and the bottom one a solution of water in phenol. Classified as saturated hydrocarbon, it is a colourless liquid with a faint odor. 1 are useful in “corresponding. Melting Point of Toluene is -95C. Toluene is a hydrocarbon, specifically an aromatic hydrocarbon, with the chemical formula C 7 H 8 or CH 3 C 6 H 5. A solid above 71/F/22℃. This structure is what gives toluene its unique chemical properties. Formula: C 7 H 8. 1 Property Data for Corresponding States Estimates. Acetic Acid 1. The Odor Threshold is 0. The U. tion of some properties of toluene on the saturation line, and in 1977 Vargaftik2 gave brief tables which included the one­ phase domain. , Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes , Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, Chao J. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. acetylnitrile, and pyridine (NIOSH 1974). Aug 16, 2023 · General Description. ] , Int. η : Dynamic viscosity (Pa×s). Chemical Properties. 13 Fabri et al. Battery Acid 5. Odor. Toluene: Toluene has a sweet, pungent odor. 625°C Fabri et al. In this section, we will explore the distinctive chemical and physical properties of toluene, shedding light on why it stands out from other solvents. 1 A. MSDS sheets Structure and properties. 8623 g/cm³ (20°C). 13: Fabri et al. Explosions have been reported [NFPA 491M 1991]. It has a sweet, fruity, pungent odor. Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature. /16. 4-2. 1 ± 1. 4969 at 20 °C Jul 5, 2024 · Toluene, aromatic hydrocarbon used extensively as starting material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals. Toluene. Refined nitration-grade benzene is free Jun 9, 2023 · Physicochemical properties of toluene. C. 5 -1 x 10 7 tonnes). 5. Bleach 7. It is a conjugate acid of a toluene-4-sulfonate. Toluene is less dense than water and will float on The chemical formula of toluene is C6H5CH3. Walter. 11 eV; cited data derived using evaluated IP for toluene. It undergoes smooth sulfonation to give p -toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl 2 in the presence of FeCl 3 to give ortho and para 4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride ( p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 Cl. Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon towards electrophilic aromatic May 12, 2022 · An inexpensive and controllable CeMnOx composite oxides catalyst for the liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene was conveniently prepared by ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation method. 2013 Physical state Liquid Haynes et al. 8. Four years later, French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated it from “tolu balsam p-Toluenesulfonic acid ( PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid ( TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. 1 USEFUL PROPERTY DATA FOR CORRESPONDING STATES ESTIMATES. (1) Toluene has a sweet, pungent odor, with an odor threshold of 2. Huang, F. TDA is a colorless solid that tends to darken on storage and exposure to air. Toluene is typically used in a mixture with other solvents and chemicals such as paint pigments. ei ha un rk oi qt xr bn wz vl