Python libcamera. 一方でlibcamera-stillを使用できる状態.

This may be as little as 50% of what the human eye can see. 5. Raspberry Pi (RPi) is an amazing development board with almost endless possibilities. 0 forks Report repository Releases Jul 1, 2024 · Pythonプログラムでカメラ映像（動画）を表示する 当初はOpenCVの. 9, pi5 comes with python 3. a libcamera python bindings Resources. Take a photo. This code gradually increases the exposure after each displayed frame and works for me: import cv2. But when I run the following script via crontab the line containing libcamera-still is not executed. Jun 1, 2021 · Step 2. Software interfaces. >>> import libcamera. ##libcameraのpythonコード 先ほどのインストールでlibcamera-appsの下に test. But not all cameras will provide image data in the required formats (raw Bayer or at least RGB). read()で画像を読み込もうとしたのですが、映像が表示されませんでした。 そこで Picamera2を使って画像を取得してからOpenCVで表示させる という方法にしています。 There are now several official Raspberry Pi camera modules. Write a third-party Jul 24, 2023 · By default, libcamera-vid will capture videos at a resolution of 640×480 pixels. May 13, 2022 · The libcamera-still command works normally when run via terminal. A streaming video server. Use libcamera to access IMX519 Camera SOFTWARE GUIDE for IMX519 Fixed-focus Camera Raspberry Pi Bullseye OS 6. Picamera2 also presents an easy to use Python API. start(show_preview=True) picam2. Optional language bindings allow interfacing to libcamera from other programming languages. I've also tried pip install picamera2 but that returns No matching distribution found for picamera2. Check Raspberry Pi OS Version: If you're still encountering issues, double-check your OS version and consider updating Sep 5, 2023 · Re: Difference between Libcamera and Picamera2 library. 21 and Later Step 1. Check your package manager for libcamera and rosdep resolve libcamera to see if binary packages are available. libcamera-hello -t 8000. You can find documentation here which should help you to get started. libcamera-still -o still-test. pip install picamera2 rpi-libcamera. 2 (or above). To check if the picamera library is installed, open a Python Shell (either from the Thonny IDE, or simply type python3 in a terminal), and execute import picamera. AfModeEnum. The documentation (which includes installation, quick-start examples, and lots of code recipes) can be read on ReadTheDocs. So in order to fix the error, first remove the. 1 watching Forks. If the line camera = PiCamera() is called every time your function runs then the Camera runs out of memory. This package is pre-installed in the Bullseye release of Raspberry Pi OS, and can be installed in Buster using sudo apt install libcamera-apps. cap = cv2. Now the already massively shrunk image stream gets lossy compressed Apr 27, 2024 · libcamera-still -t 0 --autofocus-mode continuous This above code focuses automatically faster than the Picamera2 python library using this code: from picamera2 import Picamera2 from libcamera import controls picam2 = Picamera2() picam2. libcamera has now shipped its own "official" Python bindings, which is what this package is. Apr 3, 2023 · 以前Raspberry Pi 4にカメラモジュールを取り付けて、ターミナルからテスト表示する所をやってみました。詳しくはこちら： 初期設定済みのカメラに対してターミナルから、 libcamera-hello と打ち込むだけでプレビューウィンドウが出ます。これはlibcamera-appsというアプリケーションパッケージを Mar 3, 2009 · As of 2019, you can install both of these libraries with pip: pip install numpy pip install opencv-python. Okay, now you can start the camera. The original 5MP device is no longer available from Raspberry Pi. Automate image capture. Sep 14, 2016 · The picamera documentation page includes a basic recipe for a timestamp overlay, which I've just tested, which puts a second-accurate timestamp (yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) at the top of the video. Use a USB webcam. Nov 17, 2021 · Lack of Python is a real pain, and selecting a camera port (i. If you are using the system python then it is much simpler to install the system apt package for the libcamera python bindings (eg sudo apt install -y python3-libcamera), as these will match the version of libcamera correctly. The source code can be obtained from GitHub, which also hosts the bug tracker. Config file Step2. code: Apr 3, 2020 · Get a stream from your camera configuration for the modes you're gonna use. 0 stars Watchers. The code is licensed under the BSD license; The source code can be obtained from GitHub, which also hosts the bug tracker Jan 14, 2015 · The solution is to ensure that the line, camera = PiCamera() is outside of any loop or function. It handles all control of the camera devices in its core component, libcamera, and exposes a native C++ API to upper layers. Jan 12, 2022 · January 12, 2022. py. 9 environment. That may well happen by default, but you can specify exactly what camera mode you want to use (type "libcamera-hello --list-cameras" to see them). The programming language doesn't matter. e. The webpage is about the picamera2 library, which is an official Python library provided by Raspberry Pi for libcamera drivers. Mar 9, 2023 · (at this point everything is installed to be able to use libcamera on the command line, but we are going to install all the picamera2 stuff too) Step 5 Installing Picamera2 dependencies sudo apt install -y python3-kms++ sudo apt install -y python3-pyqt5 python3-prctl libatlas-base-dev ffmpeg python3-pip sudo pip3 install numpy --upgrade sudo Jan 8, 2013 · Class to describe a color space. Modify . 11 out of the box, and since it has libcamera 0. Firstly, you asked about the camera images being cropped. It is based on the libcamera camera stack and it is maintained by the Raspberry Pi foundation. The original 5-megapixel model was released in 2013, it was followed by an 8-megapixel Camera Module 2 which was released in 2016. libcamera-hello --vflip -t 8000. Click “Session” in the left hand frame again and log on to your Pi as normal. Use the V4L2 drivers. But running the last line returns the error: Unable to locate package python3-picamera2. 9. via ROS 2 CLI tools, such as ros2 param, or ros2 service; The ros2 param subcommand allows to e. set_logging(Picamera2. Jan 14, 2023 · The Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 brings autofocus and HDR images to the oldest Raspberry Pi accessory and we show you how to take the best pictures with the latest camera. ArduCam recently completed a successful crowdfunding campaign for a 16 megapixel Raspberry Pi camera with built-in autofocus. Tell the allocator to allocate buffers for your streams. Bullseye camera system - Raspberry Pi. 仮想環境上では動きませんでした。 May 15, 2024 · It is made and optimized to run on a Raspberry Pi Zero with HQ camera connected. waitKey(20) if key Aug 5, 2012 · libcamera knows how to control the lens, so it will be setting the lens position. HI, It's great that you're working on a Python program to process images from a Raspberry Pi Camera 3 using OpenCV2. Joined: Tue Sep 05, 2023 10:05 am. resolution = (1280, 720) May 12, 2023 · Mon May 22, 2023 10:14 am. 2. 4+22-923f5d70). My journey with RPi continues, and my latest purchase included the Raspberry Pi HQ camera. “AfMode”: controls. import subprocess. I tried to take a picture with python AND the command line but ran into problems with Legacy Camera. Use libcamera with Qt. Explore the selection of DIY cameras compatible with Raspberry Pi, focusing on image quality and model compatibility. Raspberry Pi用高解像度オートフォーカスカメラモジュール買ったので、久しぶりにラズパイでカメラ使ってみようと思ったら色々大変だったのでメモです。 本文介绍了如何在树莓派4b上安装libcamera驱动，解决CSI摄像头的报错问题，适合机器人开发者参考。 Feb 25, 2017 · This package provides a pure Python interface to the Raspberry Pi camera module for Python 2. libcamerify motion works under Raspberry Pi OS 11 (Debian Bullseye) 64bit under RPi 4 (8GB) with camera ov5647. Hi! If you can use C++ instead of python, you can use my template from github where you have already integrated OpenCV with Libcamera. libcamera v0. 1 or later. libcamera and libcamera-apps Picamera2 Troubleshooting Lens Shading Calibration Solution On OctoPrint Pivariety Camera Pivariety Camera Introduction 21MP IMX230 2MP OV2311 AR0234 IMX462 48MP IMX582 OG02B10 16MP IMX298 AR1820HS Quick Start libcamera and libcamera-apps Picamera2 Troubleshooting Solution On OctoPrint Firmware Update Aug 18, 2022 · python3-libcamera is already the newest version (0~git20220705+f30ad033-1). Capturing Bayer data via Python. OS: Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch) These applications and libraries have been renamed from libcamera-* to rpicam-*. V4L2 drivers. How to control the Camera Module with Python code. 23: 3-Python and Libcamera. . libcamera presents a C++ API to applications and works at the level of configuring the camera Nov 14, 2021 · 1. Note: it’s important that you never save the file as picamera2. Install Camera drivers Step5. Here is tutorial with already prepared method libcamera. The latest camera model is the 12-megapixel Camera Module 3 which was released in 2023. 1+git20230416-c28d41b. Write your own rpicam apps. I recieve the following error: RuntimeError: Control AfMode is not advertised by libcamera. py が作成されている。これをこの場所で実行すると一通り動作確認(機能紹介)してくれる。 libcamera-apps下のbuildフォルダに作成された実行ファイル libcamera-jpegなどを実行する。 2022 - February added libcamera capture for Raspian Bullseye 2022 - January added queue as intialization option, updated cv2Capture 2021 - November moved queue into class 2021 - November added rtp server and client 2021 - November added mkvServer, wheel installation, cleanup 2021 - October added aviServer and multicamera example, PySpin trigger Jun 18, 2024 · These instructions are designed for use in a python virtual environment. resolution = (1024, 768) Sep 1, 2022 · The first one is Picamera2 python module which log level can be set by: Picamera2. Do the Source and Workon commands, then run your python script. More information on using OpenCV with Python. Capture a time lapse. You should get a Xming window open on your Windows machine which streams the video from your Pi camera. bashrc or equivalent). I have followed the instructions regarding high-framerate in the official libcamera documentation : Found out today that google coral only supports python 3. Install dependencies. Nov 30, 2021 · libcamera-apps contains the full applications with support for previews using X Windows. 2 or opencv have no autofocus enabled… is that correct ? Can it be fixed with somethign I missed ? There doesn’t seem to be a good way at the moment, libcamera gstreamer doesn’t have any controls to set, and no controls can be set when working with v4l2loopback. Here my python script with privileges u+x: #!/usr/bin/python3. Links. libcamera is a new software library aimed at supporting complex camera systems directly from the Linux operating system. Software guy, working in the applications team. and replace the frame = vs. Give the request object a buffer you allocated before. Install libcamera Step 3. May 13, 2022 · Re: python3-libcamera. Feb 20, 2023 · 3:Python and Libcamera. (stream) gnand@picam:~/stream $ python Jul 29, 2023 · connected via 'camera' port on rpi. ) At my desk I can successfully move my hand in front of the sensor, watch a 5 second preview on my monitor and have a photo saved. 4+23-06bbff9c. import picamera2 complains about missing libcamera: $ python3 Pyt Sep 23, 2022 · python OpenCV. picamera: The picamera library is a Jul 24, 2023 · sudo apt-get upgrade. on Jun 17, 2023. read() by. MIT license Activity. Enter the Nov 4, 2023 · libcamera-vid: Captures a video to an h264 container. This a bit pricey piece of electronics ($80) comes now with exchangeable lenses sold separately, obviously (another ~$40). The ColorSpace class defines the color primaries, the transfer function, the Y'CbCr encoding associated with the color space, and the range (sometimes also referred to as the quantisation) of the color space. For the rest of this tutorial, we will focus on Bayer data 45. 3: Python and Libcamera. 一方でlibcamera-stillを使用できる状態. Open a terminal and enter the command to start the camera, take a picture and save it as still-test. Unicam. supported=1 detected=0, libcamera interfaces=1. Maybe i dont understand the proble, but is the only thing we would need not just python 3. Using the Picamera2 Python module we can take two images at the same time thanks to the Raspberry Pi 5’s dual camera connectors Oct 20, 2020 · The Pi uses lossy compression. To take a photo. jpg. Use libcamera to access Camera AF/Manual Focus Function PDAF Guide for IMX519 autofocus Camera Apr 4, 2023 · libcameraライブラリのcontrolsモジュール set_controlsメソッドに引き渡せる値はlibcameraライブラリにあるcontorlsモジュールで定義される値です。そのためこのモジュールをimportしてあげる必要があります。 オートフォーカスを連続的に稼働 では具体的な所を。 Mar 30, 2015 · In the right hand frame check the “Enable X11 forwarding” box. For example, your imx219 will have a 2x2 binned mode at 1640x1232 resolution. Posts: 8. ラズパイ公式のブログによると、 Bullseye からは libcamera に置き換えられたとの記述が. Python Pip: If the package is still not found, you can try installing it via pip, the Python package manager. To capture a png image, use the -e switch to May 5, 2020 · libcamera is a relatively new project working to create an open-source camera stack for many platforms with a core userspace library, and support from the Linux kernel APIs and drivers already in place. I tried this and all went well: $ python3. so it looks like I have some work to do to study the example code from the link in the post at the above link. sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade. . Use libcamera from Python with Picamera2. Picamera2 is the libcamera-based replacement for Picamera which was a Python interface to the Raspberry Pi's legacy camera stack. Since accessing the webcam/IP/RTSP stream using cv2. Oct 20, 2021 · And that’s it! Different recipes can be found on the PiCameraX documentation page (basic and advanced). pip uninstall picamera2 rpi-libcamera. read() key = cv2. If you don’t get any message when you press ENTER, it means that This is called "snooping". For values above something like 80 it stopped getting any brighter. from pijuice import PiJuice. g. cv2. Cameras are complex devices that need heavy hardware image processing operations. First, ensure that pip is installed: sudo apt-get install python3-pip. A complex camera support library for Linux, Android, and ChromeOS. The libcamera framework is the core part of the stack. The cam utility can be used for basic testing. Of course, it will also run on a more capable Raspberry Pi. picamera2 is a Python library (which uses libcamera underneath). sudo raspi-config>3 Interface Options>I1 Legacy Camera is enabled. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Python3 is the default, you can also use the Thonny IDE for Python, and the picamera Python library is installed. You should consult the Picamera2 Library manual for further information. ERROR) The second one is libcamera (C++ library underpinning Picamare2), its log level can be changed by setting the environment variable LIBCAMERA_LOG_LEVELS (this is most likely to be your case). get, set, list parameters of a given node. libcamera is a C++ library for using camera hardware. Fri Dec 08, 2023 9:30 am. The easiest way to take pictures from Python is to use the libcamera picamera2library that is a local python library (it is installed with Python but you need to import it in order to use it). To capture multiple streams with OpenCV, I recommend using threading which can improve performance by alleviating the heavy I/O operations to a separate thread. Feb 14, 2021 · Increasing the exposure value gives gradually brighter images. Picamera2 is a Python library for interacting with the Raspberry Pi’s camera. Note that this project will involve contributing code to other projects. Follow their code on GitHub. Packages can be downloaded from PyPI, but reading the installation instructions is more likely to There are now several official Raspberry Pi camera modules. For example, if you want to capture a video that is 1920×1080 pixels (known as ‘full HD’) instead, please use: libcamera-vid --width 1920 --height 1080 -o. It tries to analyze it, hence the short flash I think, but you needed to feed a web browser with HTML5 code for example. import datetime as dt. 04? package python3-picamera2 is not located, sudo pip3 install picamera2 or just pip3 install picamera2 succeeds but . When the image enters the camera its colors are limited to the specified color-space. import os. Nov 8, 2023 · picamera (pythonのライブラリ) でカメラ画像を取得する: . pj = PiJuice(1,0x14) May 9, 2022 · Raspberry Pi with libcamera meets Python. The Python picamera2 library allows you to control your Camera Module and create amazing projects. Device nodes when using libcamera. We've migrated our own Picamera2 code now to use this new "official" version, which is actually very close to what we were using previously. 1. Stars. Feb 23, 2022 · Alasdair Allan. Continuous. read () is a blocking operation, our main program is stuck until the frame is read from the camera device. It aims to control the complexity of embedded camera hardware by providing an intuitive API and a method of separating untrusted vendor code The camera_ros node depends on libcamera version 0. Therefor, you need something between libcamera-vid and the web browser, like HLS or DASH. libcamera-still --autofocus-mode=manual --lens-position=X As per the help text, "set the lens to a particular focus position, expressed as a reciprocal distance (0 moves the lens to infinity), or \"default\" for the hyperfocal distance" Libcamera + OpenCV on a Raspberry Pi 4 with 64-bit Bullseye OS In the new Debian 11, Bullseye, you can only capture live video with a streaming framework, like GStreamer or FFmpeg. All corresponding debug messages can be enabled by setting the GST_DEBUG environment variable to libcamera*:7 . The indi_pylibcamera driver uses this feature to get observer location, telescope information and telescope direction from the mount driver. pip cache purge. sudo apt install -y python3-picamera2. Ask the camera to give you a request object. Some Linux and ROS distributions provide binary libcamera packages. Control of the processing is based on advanced algorithms that must run on a programmable processor. The code is licensed under the BSD license. 2 it is impossible to pip install picamera2 in a separate python 3. カメラの起動確認ができます。5秒間だけプレビューします。 まさにカメラ版の「Hello World」ですね！ How can I achieve a working picamera2 on Ubuntu 22. Jun 26, 2022 · 静止画の撮影方法 (libcamera) ラズパイのOS「Bullseye」のカメラドライバ「libcamera」でのカメラ撮影方法についてご紹介します。 カメラ起動確認プレビュー. The "indi_pylibcamera" may support all cameras supported by "libcamera". The CSI camera interface can sometimes have compatibility issues, but there are a few different libraries you can try to access the camera and feed images to OpenCV2. PiCamera() as camera: camera. Readme License. camera = PiCamera() def Take_an_Image(): camera. # Open Pi Camera. libcamera-hello -t 0. Hopefully this will be of use to some people who are needing to run in isolated virtual environments. Create a frame buffer allocator. +50. Mar 29, 2023 · I try to set the autfocus mode in python through the picamera2 library, by using. import picamera. set_controls({"AfMode":controls. Continuous}) Apr 13, 2022 · I try to use libcamera-vid on pi zero to stream rtsp, but i do not find an example i can use, all tutorials using raspivid or picamera or do not cover rtsp streaming :- I installed ffmpeg, gstreamer and rtsp-simple-server on raspbian lite on my Pi Zero. An example copied from Displaying webcam feed using opencv and python: rval, frame = vc. supported=1 detected=1, libcamera interfaces=0. This function got newly implemented and may make trouble in some setups. Feb 3, 2024 · If you are using Picamera2 lib for Raspberry Pi camera access, Unlike the traditional OpenCV camera access, the Picamera library doesn't use an index for the camera. In the case of the Raspberry Pi it enables us to drive the camera system directly from open source code running on ARM processors. Obviously the libcamera API is rather lower level than Hello, On a RasPi4 (4 GB RAM), the HQ-Camera and the RasPi Camera V2 both work well with the legacy camera stack and cv2, but with the libcamera stack, I cannot use OpenCV any longer. The camera is on a board with the same footprint as the Pi Camera V2, but it has a Sony IMX519 image sensor with twice the resolution (16 Mpix vs 8 Mpix) and a larger image sensor (1/2. As Picamera2 is built on top of libcamera’s own Python bindings which are currently in a prototype phase, for the time being installation involves checking out a special Raspberry Pi-curated version of the libcamera library, and compiling it manually. Last week we announced a preview release of the new Picamera2 library, built on top of the open source libcamera framework, which replaced the Picamera library deprecated during the release of Bullseye back in November. kapil13j. Feb 6, 2023 · nvtkaszpir. picameraでは動きませんでした。picameraは64bitのOSに対応していないようです。 新しいライブラリであるpicamera2を使う必要がありました。 pythonアプリを仮想環境で動かす: . For CameraNode, the command: Dec 12, 2022 · I have a Raspi 4B using libcamera with a HC-SR312 AM312 PIR motion sensor. (I had tried the HC-SR501 and the RCWL-0516 without success. Mar 4, 2022 · The only examples I can find of calls to libcamera are from the command line, or from a bash script. 53" vs 1/4"), a Jan 28, 2022 · ラズパイでPythonからラズパイカメラ使うのに一苦労. sudo apt full-upgrade. read() rval = False. Apr 6, 2020 · Hi, a few things to investigate here. To run the camera indefinitely, until you terminate the command (<ctrl>c) or close the window, set the time to zero. You can list the cameras detected on the system with cam -l, and capture ten frames from the first camera and save them to disk with cam -c 1 --capture=10 --file. May 14, 2022 · 1- With this setup, it seems that either python libcamera 1. I know stereo imaging isn’t supported, but at least picking a camera would be handy. imshow("preview", frame) rval, frame = vc. The libcamerasrc element has two log categories, named libcamera-provider (for the video device provider) and libcamerasrc (for the operation of the camera). Apr 28, 2023 · A web browser does not understand a raw h264 via a raw TCP/IP socket. Then the camera scales the color information to 25% (or throws away 75%) commonly referred to 4:2:0. ここからはRaspberry Pi OSにデフォルトで入っているPython IDEであるThonnyでコードを書いていきます。また、カメラを制御するのにはPiCamera2というライブラリを使います。 Feb 20, 2023 · 4b. ROS 2 Python and C++ API -they can be addressed as regular services, with the help of rcl_interfaces library. Open a Python 3 editor, such as Thonny Python IDE: Open a new file and save it to your Desktop as camera. pip3 install picamera. To run the camera for a time in milliseconds, use -t followed by the time in milliseconds. If this bothers you, type export LIBCAMERA_LOG_LEVELS=*:3 before running Python (or put it in your . Install libcamera-apps Step 4. Certain combinations of these fields form well-known standard color spaces such as "sRGB" or "Rec709". with a CM4) doesn’t seem possible (unless I’m mistaken) with libcamera. Sep 12, 2022 · libcamera can be quite “chatty” in the console window. 9 wrappers/bindings for libcamera? Build libcamera and rpicam-apps. with picamera. This is an example of libcamera working on a Raspberry Pi with an 64-bits OS. opencv-pythonは使用する際はvcgencmd get_cameraの結果が以下の状態で使用可能でした. Sat May 14, 2022 8:08 am. Code: Select all. Note this exact script was working before upgrading the kernal and having to reinstall libcamera and libcamera-apps. Only build libcamera from scratch if you need custom behaviour or the latest features that have not yet reached apt repositories. 0. Symbolic links are installed to allow users to keep using the old application names, but these will be deprecated soon. Users are encouraged to adopt the new application and library names as soon as possible. It's tested on newset Bullseye 64bit, on cm4/4b :) Here is open source code: Github code. It’s no longer recommended to use the older PiCamera library with the latest Raspberry Pi OS versions. VideoCapture (). TensorFlow Lite performing real-time object detection using the Raspberry Pi Camera and Picamera2. Dec 18, 2023 · This can be done using the following commands, all running inside your virtual environment. In python, you can set an environment libcamera has 5 repositories available. But it’s easy to change this with the --width and --height parameters (just like libcamera-still). May 8, 2023 · libcamera-hello 数秒間プレビューウィンドウが表示されました。 Pythonで写真撮影. 15 comments. I can confirm that installing everything from sources (libcamera/libcam-apps/motion) from default branches works: Motion 4. Info: Rasbperry pi 3 Model B. Instead, it directly interfaces with the Raspberry Pi camera. libcamera-apps-lite omits X Windows support and only the DRM preview is available. All I want to figure out in the short term is how to take a simple jpeg using the camera, proof Jan 16, 2023 · sudo apt update. Picamera2, and in fact libcamera in general on the Pi, uses a particular type of Linux system memory known as CMA memory. libcamera-jpeg -h. If you run Raspberry Pi OS Lite, begin by installing the following packages: sudo apt install -y python-pip git python3-jinja2 First, install the following libcamera dependencies: . ではうまくキャプチャ出来なかったので排他的な利用の New libcamera based python library. but I want to now figure out how to do this using Python 3. >>> exit () $. 7 (or above) or Python 3. libcamera is a library for applications to use for access and control of cameras. Apr 16, 2023 · I'm trying to record a high-framerate video using a RPI 3B running raspbian 11, a camera module v3 and libcamera-vid (v0. Contribute to raspberrypi/picamera2 development by creating an account on GitHub. Now I run raspistill -o test. 先週、Debian Bullseyeに基づいて最初のRaspberry Pi OSイメージをリリースしたとき、Raspberry Piでカメラを使用するコードを書いた人にとって非常に Feb 15, 2022 · However, installation is not for the faint of heart. It works entirely fine and I get the wanted result as a file. VideoCapture(0) # Set auto exposure to false. This project aims to add support for libcamera to other applications that need to use cameras in Linux, as they will benefit from using libcamera rather than V4L2 as cameras get more complex. I'm looking for a way to incorporate the libcamera library into a program in the same way as picamera. It writes these information as metadata in the FITS images. It working pretty well (image analyzing is on second core, in background). pi po gd pn gv ac qm ff ju ia