Stable diffusion checkpoint vs lora. 如何下载 Lora Feb 22, 2023 · Stable Diffusion.
5. May 13, 2024 · LoRA models are currently among the best and most efficient methods of fine-tuning Stable Diffusion checkpoints among textual inversion, checkpoint training and hypernetworks. Checkpoint 模型和 Lora 模型的关系3. ICBINP - "I Can't Believe It's Not Photography" by residentchiefnz. This model allows for image variations and mixing operations as described in Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents, and, thanks to its modularity, can be combined with other models such as KARLO. Training data: 512 DIM LORA https://civitai. 基本上使用 Stable Diffusion 也不會乖乖地只用官方的 1. does not require base model to be unloaded frequently ( performance boost) Jun 24, 2024 · LoRA Stable Diffusion models are compact and allow for the application of subtle yet impactful modifications to standard checkpoint models, making them significantly smaller, usually 10 to 100 Dec 11, 2023 · When training a Stable Diffusion checkpoint you in most cases will end up with many model weights/parameters with their values close to zero, and yet not exactly equal zero. 5>, (mdjrny-v4 style:1. Full model fine-tuning of Stable Diffusion used to be slow and difficult, and that's part of the reason why lighter-weight methods such as Dreambooth or Textual Inversion have become so popular. Jul 1, 2023 · Ứng dụng của Model CheckPoint và LoRA trong công cụ vẽ tranh AI Stable Diffusion là mang đến khả năng tạo ra các hình ảnh độc đáo và sáng tạo. Apr 6, 2023 · Stable Diffusion checkpoint merger is a fairly new function introduced by Stable Diffusion to allow you to generate multiple mergers using different models to refine your AI images. Also trying different settings for refiner I tested generating photography of persons with and without Lora. When LoRA is combined with stable diffusion, it becomes a key tool in training the model on specific factors. When training a LoRA, it's important to take advantage of this and differentiate between Load adapters. 如何下载 Checkpoint 模型：MeinaMix举例4. 5/2. I'm trying to LoRA weights to an original model. Trading off between modest model sizing (a mere 2 to 200 MBs) and commendable training potency, it's quite the game-changer. LoRA works by adding a smaller number of new weights to the Jun 5, 2024 · IP-adapter (Image Prompt adapter) is a Stable Diffusion add-on for using images as prompts, similar to Midjourney and DaLLE 3. 3. Let’s call this adapter "toy". Sep 27, 2023 · LyCORIS and LoRA models aim to make minor adjustments to a Stable Diffusion model using a small file. Mar 19, 2024 · We will introduce what models are, some popular ones, and how to install, use, and merge them. Allows for creating a mix of two different models using loras c. 5 and SDXL models are available. Pretrained model name. Pushing the LORA call to 1. If you want to train a LoRA on a set of larger images, like 768×768, or even 1024×1024, keep in mind that the more you up the max training resolution setting Aug 28, 2023 · Stable Diffusionで画像生成の幅を広げる際に重要な『Lora』という追加学習モデルについて紹介します。『Lora』の概要、ダウンロード・導入方法、使い方からおすすめLora、商用利用まで徹底的に解説します！ Mar 7, 2024 · On Salad, an RTX 4090 (24GB)GPU with 8 vCPUs and 16GB of RAM costs only $0. It's important to ensure compatibility between the checkpoint and the stable diffusion version you are using. Once we've identified the desired LoRA model, we need to download and install it to our Stable Diffusion setup. 1-Step The 1-step model is only experimental and the quality is much less stable. Next. You activate them using this syntax in your prompt: <lora:thenameofyourlora:strength>, for example <lora:mycat:1> or <lora:mystyle:0. c Jun 9, 2023 · Stable diffusion — 7. Q: How can I modify or enhance specific parts of an image using stable diffusion? A: Stable diffusion offers features like painting and outpainting, which allow users to selectively modify or expand specific areas of an image. Kết hợp Jan 26, 2023 · LoRA fine-tuning. If you have ample VRAM or use something like runpod/vast. . Juggernaut by KandooAI May 12, 2024 · Hyper-SDXL 1-step LoRA. Nov 21, 2023 · 🌟 Unlock the mysteries of Stable Diffusion with our clear and concise guide! 🌟Join us as we break down complex AI terms like 'LoRA', 'Checkpoint', and 'Con May 10, 2023 · This LORA + Checkpoint Model Training Guide explains the full process to you. Download the LoRA model that you want by simply clicking the download button on the page. 500. Become a Stable Diffusion Pro step-by-step. Using Stable Diffusion out of the box won’t get you the results you need; you’ll need to fine tune the model to match your use case. Lowering the strength or weight lowers the effect of the Lora. 1) Maybe so, but every time I tried Dreanbooth vs Lora with the same dataset, Lora won. 5 repository on Huggingface. We covered 3 popular methods to do that, focused on images with a subject in a background: DreamBooth: adjusts the weights of the model and creates a new checkpoint. With this function, you can merge up to three models, including your own trained models. Life Like Diffusion by lutherjonna409. Faster examples with accelerated inference. May 12, 2024 · Analog Diffusion by wavymulder. It was just a quick test. May 27, 2024 · Table of Contents. Structured Stable Diffusion courses. Once you have merged your preferred checkpoints, the final merger will be Dec 12, 2023 · Here is a detailed guide on how to use LoRA with Stable Diffusion in novita. patreon. Adding the refiner makes results look much better but it destroys what Next, load a CiroN2022/toy-face adapter with the load_lora_weights() method. There are several training techniques for personalizing diffusion models to generate images of a specific subject or images in certain styles. There isn’t - dreambooth lora. For style Loras for example, the style of the base checkpoint will blend more with the style of the Lora, the lower the weight. com are often ~100M-200M, which used a larger rank value such as 128, the default is 4 as explained here). Let’s take image-to-image as an example. Train an SDXL LoRA model if you are interested in the SDXL Model. Additionally, we will learn to fine-tune the model on personal photos and evaluate its performance. 1 Model 來生圖，到 Civitai 下載幾百GB 也是常態。但 Civitai 上有成千上萬個 Model 要逐個下載再試也花很多時間，以下是我強力推薦生成寫實圖片的 Checkpoint Model Feb 18, 2023 · In addition, LoRA fine-tuning is much faster and the trained weights are much smaller, e. It means that anyone can run them Jul 24, 2023 · A fully revamped checkpoint based on the 512dim lora and chilloutmix_NiPrunedFp32Fix + deliberate_v2. Running the notebook is as simple as hitting the Play button. Initially, the base SD model is fine-tuned using a select set of images through Dreambooth, enhancing its ability to generate highly personalized and style-specific content . 6 and 1. 8>. This LoRA can be used for 1, 2, 4, and 8 sampling steps. to get started. Jun 12, 2024 · Portability: an LCM-LoRA can be applied to ANY Stable Diffusion checkpoint models. However, the results are far from satisfactory. com/Unlock the full potential of Stable Diffusion with our easy-to-follow tutorial on using custom checkpoin Apr 27, 2023 · Dans cette partie de l’article, nous allons détailler comment installer et utiliser un LoRA avec Automatic1111, l’interface graphique la plus connue et la plus souvent utilisée pour débuter avec Stable Diffusion. Both modify the U-Net through matrix decomposition, but their approaches differ. Read part 3: Inpainting. ~5G (Lora models found on civitai. Its popularity has surged due to its striking results and user-friendly interface. We’re on a journey to advance and democratize artificial intelligence Jan 17, 2024 · Stable Diffusion is one of the best free AI-powered art generator AI models. New stable diffusion finetune ( Stable unCLIP 2. safetensors) to /ComfyUI/models/loras; Download our ComfyUI LoRA workflow. 今回の例で作成したLoRAは学習回数が240回、時間にして4分ほど、とかなり少なめですが、それでも完成したLoRAを使ってみると「 猫耳 Better results than IP-Adapter or Reactor. You really have to go through an example or two if you want to learn how to train models. Oct 14, 2023 · Stable Diffusion 1. Load LoR As for inference. If the LoRA seems to have too much effect (i. Software. Adding LoRA to Checkpoint Model Tutorial | Guide I'm still new to the world of Stable Diffusion. Step2: Nevigate “txt2img” after clicking on “playground” button. There are many tutorials on fine-tuning Stable Diffusion using Colab and UI tools . Download Hyper-SDXL 1-step LoRA. CyberRealistic by Cyberdelia. By targeting only specific parts of a neural network for adaptation, LoRA minimizes the computational load typically associated with training AI Feb 5, 2024 · 2. You can mark some biases as trainable by passing "all" or "lora_only" to bias= when calling mark_only_lora_as_trainable. Understanding Stable Diffusion models [ESSENTIAL] Understanding how Stable Diffusion understands "concepts" A core idea to grasp is that Stable Diffusion already has knowledge of a vast array of concepts due to its extensive training on diverse datasets. 5 if it isn't listed what original model it was based on its probably the 1 Apr 21, 2024 · LoRA, or Low-Rank Adaptation, is a lightweight training technique used for fine-tuning Large Language and Stable Diffusion Models without needing full model training. Describe what you want to see Jul 15, 2023 · #stablediffusion #stablediffusiontutorial #stablediffusionai ☕️ Please consider to support me in Patreon 🍻https://www. The training modifies the numbers in the checkpoint, so the user uploads the new numbers as a new checkpoint. ai, results will be much better using Dreambooth even if Lora is your Ultimate result (dreambooth trained checkpoint->LoRA will look/function better than a directly Jun 26, 2023 · The need to know terms for usage are Checkpoint (model), Vae, and Lora. In this tutorial, we will learn about Stable Diffusion XL and Dream Booth, and how to access the image generation model using the diffuser library. So it is faster and less demanding to train one. Put the model file in the folder ComfyUI > models > loras. Note that in the Stable Diffusion WebUI LoRA models and LyCORIS models are stored in the exact same directory since the version 1. Without refiner the results are noisy and faces glitchy. 2. Essentially, you speed up a model when you apply the LoRA. Dec 20, 2023 · I got to say the Lora file only weights 18mb and manages to accomplish the same results with the difference that I have to first generate a good image with a random person and then use inpainting to paste the trained face Lora, but this because my data set was trained almost entirely on close up photos/selfies. (ICLR'24) A project that implements different parameter-efficient fine-tuning algorithms for Stable Diffusion. Step1: Launch the website of novita. Some of the adapters generate an entirely new model, while other adapters only modify a smaller set of embeddings or May 23, 2023 · Stable Diffusion 三個最好的寫實 Stable Diffusion Model. Prepare your own base model. These low costs open the door for increasingly customized and sophisticated AI image generation applications. Get a demo of SaladCloud. In our tests, we were able to train a LoRA for Stable Diffusion XL in 13 minutes on an RTX 4090, at a cost of just $0. In the case of language models, the goal is domain specificity. Instead of fully fine-tuning large models like Stable Diffusion, we only train lower-rank matrices on small datasets. The Stable-Diffusion-v1-5 checkpoint was initialized with the weights of the Stable-Diffusion-v1-2 checkpoint and subsequently fine-tuned on 595k steps at resolution 512x512 on "laion-aesthetics v2 5+" and 10% dropping of the text Feb 11, 2024 · The $300 GPU -vs- Apple’s $2000 Macbook running Stable diffusion 3 Recently Stability AI released its newest open source model — Stable Diffusion 3 medium. Project folder. Used primarily in the fine-tuning of An introduction to LoRA models. ckpt and . LoRA stands for Low-Rank Adaptation, a nuanced method meant for finessing Stable Diffusion models. Quality is significantly better if you have the resources to train using Dreambooth (fine tuning) vs training a lora. A-Zovya Photoreal by Zovya. The process includes connecting to Google Drive, uploading training images, and overseeing the actual training. Images looks in the end slightly different, if they are prompted with the same prompt, but without the loras. ai, create or log in an account if you already have one. What is Dreambooth? May 16, 2024 · 20% bonus on first deposit. Remember to pass the corresponding bias= argument to lora_state_dict when saving a checkpoint. Installing LoRA Models. 就我而言，我从 Stable Diffusion 1. This is really helpful since it a. The default training resolution in Kohya GUI is 512×512 pixels, and it’s in most cases more than sufficient for models based on the Stable Diffusion 1. Train a Stable Diffuson v1. Otherwise use our full checkpoint for better quality. With the 🤗 PEFT integration, you can assign a specific adapter_name to the checkpoint, which let’s you easily switch between different LoRA checkpoints. 1, Hugging Face) at 768x768 resolution, based on SD2. The post will cover: IP-Adapter models – Plus, Face ID, Face ID v2, Face ID portrait, etc. LyCORIS is a collection of LoRA-like methods. Nov 27, 2023 · Understanding LoRA and Dreambooth. If the LoRA seems to have too little effect, set alpha to higher than 1. 👉 START FREE TRIAL 👈. Saves disk space b. 1-768. Now thanks to Stable Diffusion LoRA models, it can help Jun 3, 2023 · Stable DiffusionでのLoRAをdiffusersで試してみます。3Dモデルに対して、Unityで透過スクショを撮りLoRAで学習させるというよくあるやり方ですが、LoRAにおけるData Augmentationの有効性など興味深い点が確認できました。 # 本期内容：1. Mar 29, 2024 · Dreambooth LoRA, which combines Dreambooth fine-tuning on the base Stable Diffusion model with the subsequent extraction of the LoRA component. Dreambooth and LoRa are two different types of ways to train models, so if a model was trained by one method or the other, they can Dec 22, 2023 · Subsequently, this kind of blend is perfect for those who are short on local storage due to the abundance of models. 348/hr. Aug 7, 2023 · 以上、Stable Diffusion XLをベースとしたLoRAモデルの作り方をご紹介しました。 SDXLベースのLoRAを作るのにはとにかく時間がかかるものの、出来栄えは非常に良好なのでこのLoRAを体験したらもうSD1. This process aims to enhance the quality and versatility of the generated AI images. However, now that I have it in a custom checkpoint, I would like to use NightvisionXL and Juggernaut with a LORA pulled from my custom. What's a checkpoint? The checkpoint is what is the bulk of processing images and will have an effect on images developed. Its key advantage lies in its compact size and efficiency. Sampling method for LCM-LoRA Feb 20, 2024 · Max Resolution. 5 版开始训练我的模型，因此如果您使用 我的 LoRA 模型 运行相同的代码，您会看到输出是 runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5。 如果您使用 --push_to_hub 选项，我们在上一节中看到的微调脚本会自动填充有关基本模型的信息。 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. LoRA is the original method. Come abbiamo Ứng Dụng Model CheckPoint và LoRA trong CivitAI Stable Diffusion 1. May 29, 2023 · LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) is a method published in 2021 for fine-tuning weights in CLIP and UNet models, which are language models and image de-noisers used by Stable Diffusion. How to key word tag the Images for Lora an Collaborate on models, datasets and Spaces. If you have any questions, be sure to ask in the comments below! 老司机福音！（附安装包+模型），【Stable Diffusion】拒绝一眼AI，SD超写实图像生成模型皮肤质感调节器（附lora）全网最详细教程（附模型），手把手教学！，【SD模型】秋叶强烈推荐4个超实用Stable Diffusion模型，新手必备，B站最良心SD模型大放送！ While we did not study its effect thoroughly in our paper, we make it easy to try in lora. AbsoluteReality by Lykon. These Quick summary. , ~3M vs. g. LoRAs modify the output of Stable Diffusion checkpoint models to align with a particular concept or theme, such as an art style, character, real-life person, or object. 0 makes the face unusable, and at 0. 5 checkpoint model. Each of these training methods produces a different type of adapter. Step 1: Collect training images. 0754. Sep 17, 2023 · Stable DiffusionのおすすめLoRAを実写系Lora、アニメ系Lora、版権キャラのLoraに分けてご紹介します！呪文(プロンプト)付で解説するため、すぐに実践できます！おすすめのLoraが知りたいという方に必見です。 Jun 7, 2023 · このファイルをStable Diffusion Web UI内の「models」→「Lora」フォルダの中に入れると、このLoRAが使えるようになります。. Stable UnCLIP 2. epiCRealism by epinikion. You can find lots of different LyCORIS I'm using SDXL on SD. The approach I came We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Stable Diffusion LoRA. There are 5 methods for teaching specific concepts, objects of styles to your Stable Diffusion: Textual Inversion, Dreambooth, Hypernetworks, LoRA and Aesthe Sep 5, 2023 · An introduction to LoRA models. Apr 19, 2023 · Stable Diffusion是一款令人印象深刻的AI模型，它让我们能够创造出惊人的艺术作品。通过安装合适的Checkpoint文件、使用Embeddings、LORA和Hypernetwork，以及使用插件，您可以发挥Stable Diffusion的最大潜力，创造出独一无二的艺术作品。 Nov 20, 2023 · Checkpoint Merger is a functionality that allows you to combine two or three pre-trained Stable Diffusion models to create a new model that embodies the features of the merged models. Learn how to select the best images. Read part 1: Absolute beginner’s guide. May 16, 2024 · Make sure you place the downloaded stable diffusion model/checkpoint in the following folder "stable-diffusion-webui\models\Stable-diffusion" : Stable Diffusion in the Cloud⚡️ Run Automatic1111 in your browser in under 90 seconds. Feb 28, 2024 · Step 3: Execution of the Training Notebook. The idea is pretty much the same as language models. You get the flexibility to switch to anime or realistic models, something you cannot do when using Dreambooth, and some checkpoints will work better with your Lora and even provide better results than the checkpoint you used to train your Loras with. 0. Download the ComfyUI workflow below. LoRA models, known as Small Stable Diffusion models, incorporate minor adjustments into conventional checkpoint models. | Source: Stable Diffusion v1. co The ckpt format is one of many machine learning model checkpoint file formats, that contain all the variables/weights that a trained ML model consists of, with all the respective values Use LoRA only if you are using non-SDXL base models. Explore the popular training methods in stable diffusion, including Dreambooth, textual inversion, LORA, and Hypernetworks. 1. Explore the freedom of expression through writing on Zhihu's column platform, a space for sharing diverse perspectives and insights. Dreambooth, LoRa, and textual inversion (embeddings) are all different ways to train on stable diffusion, but Dreambooth isn’t small at all, especially compared to the other two. LCM-LoRA for Stable Diffusion v1. WoopWoop-Photo by zoidbb. We hope that now you’ll be able to train your own LoRA models fast and without any trouble. Analog Madness by CornmeisterNL. Dec 25, 2023 · Step 1: Download a LyCORIS Model And Import It. Chúng định hình phong cách và các đặc điểm chung của các hình ảnh. The original model training needed the most compute, but the further checkpoints (the fine tuning) could be done faster. com/lifeisboringsoprogramming? Checkpoint model (trained via Dreambooth or similar): another 4gb file that you load instead of the stable-diffusion-1. Typically, they are sized down by a factor of up to x100 compared to checkpoint models, making them particularly appealing for individuals who possess a vast assortment of models. 0 to fully add LoRA. And so later on during inference, these very small weights end up being used in the image generation process without having significant impact on the generation output, yet When adding LoRA to unet, alpha is the constant as below: $$ W' = W + \alpha \Delta W $$ So, set alpha to 1. First, download a LyCORIS model that you want to use, and put it in the \stable-diffusion-webui\models\LoRA directory. Lets say i want the style to be from the Arcane (LOL) Show, there is a Arcane Style Lora available but what would be the benefits and downside to making a checkpoint of said style over a lora? Explore thousands of high-quality Stable Diffusion models, share your AI-generated art, and engage with a vibrant community of creators Dec 22, 2023 · Stable Diffusion is an algorithm that gradually reduces noise in imagery to create something new, a process referred to as diffusion. With a checkpoint merger, you can select a "base" model and one or two other LyCORIS - Lora beYond Conventional methods, Other Rank adaptation Implementations for Stable diffusion. Step 2: Review the training settings. How to use IP-adapters in AUTOMATIC1111 and Jan 17, 2024 · This notebook can only train a Stable Diffusion v1. One of the powerful ways to enhance the algorithm's overall performance is the use of LoRA. With LoRA, it is much easier to fine-tune a model on a custom dataset. Mais les LoRAs peuvent évidemment être utilisés avec d’autres interface comme ComfyUI ou Fooocus (voir ci-dessous). Grapefruit checkpoint merge and lora (16bit landscapes extracted from base model modern disney style). 20% bonus on first deposit. 4 file. Read part 2: Prompt building. The LoRA technique is also widely adopted in image models like Stable Diffusion. Set the CFG scale between 0. Faster training: LoRA has a smaller number of weights to train. The basic stable diffusion has a few models most popular being the version 1. , overfitted), set alpha to lower value. 8 it has already lost the resemblance. But I did not find a For example i want to train my own checkpoint preferably using Google Colab since i dont have a powerful computer. Switch between documentation themes. Model CheckPoint cung cấp nền tảng và phong cách chung cho hình ảnh, trong khi LoRA cho phép thay đổi và tạo ra các biến thể mới. It's the middle ground between the might of Dreambooth and the delicacy of textual inversion. Sep 17, 2023 · Model CheckPoint và Lora trong Stable Diffusion AI là gì?Phân biệt giữa Model CheckPoint và LoRA như thế nào?Ứng dụng của Model CheckPoint và LoRA để làm gì? See full list on stable-diffusion-art. 5 checkpoint. If you're a newcomer to AI, we suggest taking an AI Fundamentals course to give you a primer. 四种训练模型的概念2. Step3: Select the general model you desired from the list. Continuando il nostro viaggio nella scoperta di Stable diffusion, ritengo impossibile non parlare dei Lora model. Diffusers now provides a LoRA fine-tuning script that can run I am speaking from a video/photo background, basically an equivalent of shooting RAW and then applying a "LUT" or later in post, I trained a LORA with a VAE checkpoint, doing the same with the non VAE now and will see what the differences are, supposedly there should be more information in the non VAE one, it's 4GB non VAE vs 2GB VAE (Realistic Mar 11, 2023 · 近年來生成式 AI 從 DALLE 再到 Stable-diffusion，都顯示了現在的 AI 可以生成高品質以及高解析度的圖片，但是讓人詬病的還是需要大量的運算資源才能夠訓練得了這種高解析度的模型，因為要訓練一個高解析度的擴散模型是需要相當多記憶體的，即便 Stable-diffusion Apr 27, 2023 · To get Checkpoint and LoRA files:https://civitai. A paid account allows you to use a faster V100 GPU, which speeds up the training. LoRA, or Low-Rank Adaptation, offers a streamlined approach to modifying pre-trained deep learning models. Training an SDXL LoRA. LoRA is noticeably smaller than other checkpoint models. Bear in mind that Google Drive is your storage space for the resulting LoRA model. This is part 4 of the beginner’s guide series. Aug 19, 2023 · Stable Diffusion models are most commonly available in . You can use it to copy the style, composition, or a face in the reference image. Not Found. This notebook can be run with a free Colab account. safetensors file formats. 5 LoRA. Full fine-tuning of larger models (consisting of billions of parameters) is inherently expensive and time-consuming. 如何使用 Checkpoint 模型5. You can tune these values to your needs. Training data is used to change weights in the model so it will be capable of rendering images similar to the training data, but care needs to be taken that it does not "override" existing data. 5ベースのLoRAには戻りたくなくなると思います。一度は試して We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. ← Train a diffusion model Accelerate inference of text-to-image diffusion models →. com . ai. I tried several samplers (unipc, DPM2M, KDPM2, Euler a) with different steps. 如何下载 Lora Feb 22, 2023 · Stable Diffusion. Fra Lora, textual inversion e iper network. For more information about how Stable Diffusion functions, please have a look at 🤗's Stable Diffusion blog. 5. It can efficiently generate images of landscapes, rivers, and more but when it comes to a specific concept by using a specific style or well-known character, that’s where it fails to deliver the desired output. mdjrny-v4 model, <lora:samdoesartsUltmerge_v1:1>, <lora:mdjrny-v4:0. They are LoCon, LoHa, LoKR, and DyLoRA. e. 5, SDXL, LoRA, embeddings, textual inversions Have you ever wondered what all these different words are?Well today I will be going thro We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. While there are many advanced knobs, bells, and whistles — you can ignore the complexity and make things easy on yourself by thinking of it as a simple tool that does one thing. Download. Stable Diffusion is an open-source image generation AI model, trained with billions of images found on the internet. To read this content, become a member of this site. Model CheckPoint: Model CheckPoint trong CivitAI Stable Diffusion là các tệp lưu trữ trọng số của các mô hình đã được huấn luyện trước. There is an option in some Diffusion Tools to extract Lora from checkpoints by calculating difference with their base model and trained model. Download the LoRA checkpoint (sdxl_lightning_Nstep_lora. fz dj xs yr cd yp ay wj jj to
